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<p>The use of plant metabolites as corrosion inhibitors is gaining attention for their notable benefits, including accessibility, environmental safety, biodegradability, efficiency, and renewable sourcing. In the present study, the potential of <i>pelargonium graveolons</i> essential oils as green and sustainable corrosion inhibitors was evaluated. The chemical composition identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry shows that these essential oils are very rich in bioactive molecules. The corrosion-inhibiting behavior of essential oils on mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution was assessed using electrochemical methods, in particular electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Density functional theory calculations were performed to understand the comparative electron adsorption and inhibitory activities of the main phytochemical compounds in the essential oils. The results of the electrochemical studies showed the following tendencies: the essential oil (EO) acts as a "cathodic" inhibitor for mild steel in the acidic solution, inhibition efficacy increased with increasing concentration of essential oils. However, AEO shows better inhibition efficiency, achieving 93.0% inhibition at 1 g/L, compared with 88.6% for WEO at the same concentration. Examination of the steel through SEM revealed a smoother surface with decreased roughness when the inhibitor was present, confirming the protection offered by the essential oils.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Essential oils from pelargonium graveolons as highly effective sustainable corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium: electrochemical, and theoretical studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • Ibrahim Atemni,
  • Elhachmia Ech-chihbi,
  • Kaoutar Hjouji,
  • Tarik Ainane,
  • Susanne K. Wiedmer,
  • Mustapha Taleb,
  • Zakia Rais

摘要

The use of plant metabolites as corrosion inhibitors is gaining attention for their notable benefits, including accessibility, environmental safety, biodegradability, efficiency, and renewable sourcing. In the present study, the potential of pelargonium graveolons essential oils as green and sustainable corrosion inhibitors was evaluated. The chemical composition identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry shows that these essential oils are very rich in bioactive molecules. The corrosion-inhibiting behavior of essential oils on mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution was assessed using electrochemical methods, in particular electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Density functional theory calculations were performed to understand the comparative electron adsorption and inhibitory activities of the main phytochemical compounds in the essential oils. The results of the electrochemical studies showed the following tendencies: the essential oil (EO) acts as a "cathodic" inhibitor for mild steel in the acidic solution, inhibition efficacy increased with increasing concentration of essential oils. However, AEO shows better inhibition efficiency, achieving 93.0% inhibition at 1 g/L, compared with 88.6% for WEO at the same concentration. Examination of the steel through SEM revealed a smoother surface with decreased roughness when the inhibitor was present, confirming the protection offered by the essential oils.

Graphical Abstract