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Abstract <p>Given the high production of lactic acid and the consequent generation of gypsum waste, there is a pressing need for research focused on the reuse of this by-product. This study evaluates the effects of incorporating 0–10% gypsum waste as a partial replacement for kaolinitic clay in the production of fired clay blocks. After characterization of gypsum waste using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, 120 × 30 × 20&#xa0;mm specimens were produced and fired at 700, 800, 900 and 1000&#xa0;°C to evaluate properties such as linear firing shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and flexural tensile strength. The results obtained indicate that, at lower temperatures between 700 and 900&#xa0;°C, there is no statistical difference in the properties evaluated using gypsum waste replacing clay for the properties of linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and apparent porosity. For temperatures of 1000&#xa0;°C, the use of gypsum waste promotes a reduction in water absorption and porosity and an increase in linear firing shrinkage and flexural rupture strength. For example, water absorption reduces from 19 to 13.5%, while flexural rupture strength increases from 7 to 8.3&#xa0;MPa with the use of 10% gypsum waste. This happens because the gypsum waste promotes packing effect after the pressure from the extrusion molding process and formation of a liquid phase as a secondary effect, promoting the closing of the pores of the fired clay. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that it is viable to use gypsum waste for the production of fired clay blocks, since this material did not affect the properties of ceramic materials at temperatures from 700 to 900&#xa0;°C and acted to benefit the evaluated properties of the blocks at temperatures of 1000&#xa0;°C.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Gypsum waste from lactic acid production in fired clay blocks: an experimental study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Jhonatas Pereira Dias Vitorino,
  • Geovana Carla Girondi Delaqua,
  • Markssuel Teixeira Marvila,
  • Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira

摘要

Abstract

Given the high production of lactic acid and the consequent generation of gypsum waste, there is a pressing need for research focused on the reuse of this by-product. This study evaluates the effects of incorporating 0–10% gypsum waste as a partial replacement for kaolinitic clay in the production of fired clay blocks. After characterization of gypsum waste using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, 120 × 30 × 20 mm specimens were produced and fired at 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °C to evaluate properties such as linear firing shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and flexural tensile strength. The results obtained indicate that, at lower temperatures between 700 and 900 °C, there is no statistical difference in the properties evaluated using gypsum waste replacing clay for the properties of linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and apparent porosity. For temperatures of 1000 °C, the use of gypsum waste promotes a reduction in water absorption and porosity and an increase in linear firing shrinkage and flexural rupture strength. For example, water absorption reduces from 19 to 13.5%, while flexural rupture strength increases from 7 to 8.3 MPa with the use of 10% gypsum waste. This happens because the gypsum waste promotes packing effect after the pressure from the extrusion molding process and formation of a liquid phase as a secondary effect, promoting the closing of the pores of the fired clay. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that it is viable to use gypsum waste for the production of fired clay blocks, since this material did not affect the properties of ceramic materials at temperatures from 700 to 900 °C and acted to benefit the evaluated properties of the blocks at temperatures of 1000 °C.

Graphical Abstract