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<p>This study is the first to evaluate and compare the water footprints (WFs) of unit denim fabric production in different categories based on water consumption and the amount and characteristics of wastewater generated in a factory producing denim fabric. In this study, a gate-to-gate water footprint (WF) assessment was conducted using the denim factory’s water and wastewater data to reveal the volumetric (blue water footprint (WF<sub>blue</sub>) and gray water footprint (WF<sub>gray</sub>) and environmental impacts (water scarcity footprint (WSF), water eutrophication footprint (WF<sub>eu</sub>), water alkalization footprint (WF<sub>alk</sub>), and water ecotoxicity footprint (WF<sub>eco</sub>)) of water use. The evaluation was carried out using the Water Footprint Network (WFN) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14,046 methods. The WF<sub>blue</sub>, WF<sub>gray</sub>, WSF, WF<sub>eu</sub>, WF<sub>alk</sub>, and WF<sub>eco</sub> values of the denim fabric production are calculated as 66.97&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>/ton<sub>fabric</sub>, 72.8&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>/ton<sub>fabric</sub>, 50.06&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O eq/ton<sub>fabric</sub>, 7.72&#xa0;kg PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> eq/ton<sub>fabric</sub>, 0.39&#xa0;kg OH<sup>−</sup>eq/ton<sub>fabric</sub>, and 8686.60&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>H<sub>2</sub>Oeq/ton<sub>fabric</sub>, respectively. It was concluded that denim fabric production creates more pressure on water resources due to the wastewater generated in its processes rather than the amount of water consumed (WF<sub>blue</sub> &lt; WF<sub>gray</sub>, WSF &lt; WF<sub>eco</sub>). </p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Investigation of the water footprint of denim fabric production at factory scale

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Hakan Güney,
  • Selman Türkeş,
  • Bülent Sari,
  • Serdal Sirlibaş,
  • Deniz Civan Yiğit,
  • Olcayto Keskinkan,
  • Güray Kilinççeker

摘要

This study is the first to evaluate and compare the water footprints (WFs) of unit denim fabric production in different categories based on water consumption and the amount and characteristics of wastewater generated in a factory producing denim fabric. In this study, a gate-to-gate water footprint (WF) assessment was conducted using the denim factory’s water and wastewater data to reveal the volumetric (blue water footprint (WFblue) and gray water footprint (WFgray) and environmental impacts (water scarcity footprint (WSF), water eutrophication footprint (WFeu), water alkalization footprint (WFalk), and water ecotoxicity footprint (WFeco)) of water use. The evaluation was carried out using the Water Footprint Network (WFN) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14,046 methods. The WFblue, WFgray, WSF, WFeu, WFalk, and WFeco values of the denim fabric production are calculated as 66.97 m3/tonfabric, 72.8 m3/tonfabric, 50.06 m3 H2O eq/tonfabric, 7.72 kg PO43− eq/tonfabric, 0.39 kg OH−eq/tonfabric, and 8686.60 m3H2Oeq/tonfabric, respectively. It was concluded that denim fabric production creates more pressure on water resources due to the wastewater generated in its processes rather than the amount of water consumed (WFblue < WFgray, WSF < WFeco).

Graphical abstract