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Abstract <p>Clean, inexpensive, and renewable energy sources with zero adverse environmental impact are essential for long-term sustainability. Implementing waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies has been suggested to improve solid waste management and promote the development of clean and sustainable urban environments. This involves the retrieval of waste materials and their conversion to electricity. By 2050, the global rate of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) production is anticipated to rise to 2.01 billion tonnes annually. This study evaluated various WtE technologies that have been developed to date. These technologies can be categorized into three groups: thermochemical methods (incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification), biochemical methods (anaerobic digestion and landfilling), and hybrid waste-to-energy systems. Additionally, the discussion touched upon various environmental aspects, highlighting the advantages of reducing CO<sub>X</sub>, NO<sub>X</sub>, SO<sub>X</sub>, furans, and dioxin emissions. Furthermore, this study thoroughly describes the economic impact of various steps on a WtE&#xa0;plant. It also discusses policy and regulatory frameworks, namely availability, affordability, rights, social aspects, and environmental issues, that aim to incorporate principles of ethics, justice, planning, and decision-making when evaluating different aspects of energy systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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From waste to worth: advances in energy recovery technologies for solid waste management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Tarek Abedin,
  • Jagadeesh Pasupuleti,
  • Johnny Koh Siaw Paw,
  • Yaw Chong Tak,
  • Md Rakibul Islam,
  • Mohammad Khairul Basher,
  • Mohammad Nur-E-Alam

摘要

Abstract

Clean, inexpensive, and renewable energy sources with zero adverse environmental impact are essential for long-term sustainability. Implementing waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies has been suggested to improve solid waste management and promote the development of clean and sustainable urban environments. This involves the retrieval of waste materials and their conversion to electricity. By 2050, the global rate of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) production is anticipated to rise to 2.01 billion tonnes annually. This study evaluated various WtE technologies that have been developed to date. These technologies can be categorized into three groups: thermochemical methods (incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification), biochemical methods (anaerobic digestion and landfilling), and hybrid waste-to-energy systems. Additionally, the discussion touched upon various environmental aspects, highlighting the advantages of reducing COX, NOX, SOX, furans, and dioxin emissions. Furthermore, this study thoroughly describes the economic impact of various steps on a WtE plant. It also discusses policy and regulatory frameworks, namely availability, affordability, rights, social aspects, and environmental issues, that aim to incorporate principles of ethics, justice, planning, and decision-making when evaluating different aspects of energy systems.

Graphical Abstract