<p>Green innovation is becoming an important way to promote economic growth and sustainable development. Financial agglomeration and energy consumption structure transformation are two important factors of green innovation. In this paper, we use panel data and dynamic spatial Durbin model of Chinese provinces and cities from 2010 to 2021 to analyze the impact of the synergistic effect of financial agglomeration and energy consumption structure transformation on the level of green innovation. The results show that the synergy of financial agglomeration and energy consumption structure transformation has a significant positive effect on the level of regional green innovation, and there is a positive spatial spillover effect on the neighboring regions; the analysis of spatial heterogeneity reveals that the synergy of financial agglomeration and energy low-carbon transformation has both positive effects on green innovation and negative effects triggered by the regional characteristics and policy environment, and that the effects on different regions The impact on different regions shows obvious regional heterogeneity. Countermeasures are proposed from four aspects: macro-policy, financial sector, energy sector and regional development.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>