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<p>Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) is an emerging technology used for pollutants’ degradation and energy recovery. Recently, researches are exploring application of PFC for various wastewaters, including greywater. In recent years, higher emphasis is directed towards developing new effective photoelectrodes for photocatalytic process. However, very limited studies are found on developing suitable cost-effective photoelectrodes and on optimizing photocatalytic process in PFC, especially for greywater treatment. In present research, a new dual photoelectrode PFC is successfully developed using low-cost ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Ti photoanode and Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO/Cu photocathode to treat greywater. Optimization of photocatalytic process is done using Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array (OA). Analysis of mean (ANOM) revealed optimum operating conditions as 8 pH, 44W light intensity, three number of TiO<sub>2</sub> layers, 550&#xa0;°C calcination temperature and 180-min irradiation time, which provided maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 91.05% and power density (P<sub>max</sub>) of 126.87&#xa0;µW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Analysis of variation (ANOVA) revealed that pH had highest influence in COD removal, while irradiation time had the least influence. Kinetic study performed at optimum conditions indicated that COD degradation follows pseudo-first-order model (kinetic constant = 0.0114&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>) and with short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>), open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) and P<sub>max</sub> as 315.94 µA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 639.56&#xa0;mV and 196.43 µA/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The reusability of photoelectrodes was confirmed by the stability analysis, which exhibited excellent stability of photoelectrodes during four consecutive runs in PFC.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Taguchi’s approach for optimization of photocatalytic process for greywater treatment and energy harvesting using ZnO/TiO2/Ti heterojunction photoanode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月10日

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  • Vaidehi G. Sonone,
  • Ajay R. Tembhurkar

摘要

Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) is an emerging technology used for pollutants’ degradation and energy recovery. Recently, researches are exploring application of PFC for various wastewaters, including greywater. In recent years, higher emphasis is directed towards developing new effective photoelectrodes for photocatalytic process. However, very limited studies are found on developing suitable cost-effective photoelectrodes and on optimizing photocatalytic process in PFC, especially for greywater treatment. In present research, a new dual photoelectrode PFC is successfully developed using low-cost ZnO/TiO2/Ti photoanode and Cu2O/CuO/Cu photocathode to treat greywater. Optimization of photocatalytic process is done using Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array (OA). Analysis of mean (ANOM) revealed optimum operating conditions as 8 pH, 44W light intensity, three number of TiO2 layers, 550 °C calcination temperature and 180-min irradiation time, which provided maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 91.05% and power density (Pmax) of 126.87 µW/cm2. Analysis of variation (ANOVA) revealed that pH had highest influence in COD removal, while irradiation time had the least influence. Kinetic study performed at optimum conditions indicated that COD degradation follows pseudo-first-order model (kinetic constant = 0.0114 min−1) and with short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and Pmax as 315.94 µA/cm2, 639.56 mV and 196.43 µA/cm2, respectively. The reusability of photoelectrodes was confirmed by the stability analysis, which exhibited excellent stability of photoelectrodes during four consecutive runs in PFC.

Graphical abstract