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<p>This study explores the synthesis and efficiency of iron-doped graphitic carbon nanosheet (GCN) composites derived from coconut biochar for the removal of toxic metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn). The materials were characterized using FTIR, XPS, SEM–EDS, and ICP-MS techniques. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the presence of functional groups and the successful adhesion/doping of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on the material surfaces. The synthesized biochar-based composites exhibited increased pore sizes but reduced specific surface areas compared to raw biochar, attributed to the formation of GCN and iron oxides. SEM–EDS analyses indicated that the use of an iron-gluconate precursor (BC@FeGlu-GCN) results in a finer and more uniform distribution of iron oxide particles on the GCN surface compared to those synthesized with an FeCl<sub>3</sub> precursor (BC@FeChl-GCN). The study demonstrates that Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-GCN doped on the surface of the composites not only enhances the treatment efficiency of biochar across different concentration ranges but also improves its ability to remove a wider variety of toxic elements, particularly As, Cd, and Se. Principal component analysis (PCA) further confirmed that while raw biochar is highly efficient at removing Pb, Cu, and Zn from solution, the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-GCN-doped biochar composites show a higher affinity for As and Se. The results of the study indicate the potential practical applications of this material; however, further evaluation is needed to determine the suitability of using either FeCl<sub>3</sub> or iron-gluconate as the iron precursor, especially in terms of production cost.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Coconut biochar doped with graphitic carbon nanosheets and α-Fe2O3 shows high adsorption rate for multiple toxic elements in contaminated water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月13日

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  • Thinh Nguyen Van,
  • Chung Nguyen Thuy,
  • Huong Nguyen Thi Thu,
  • Phong K. Thai,
  • Xuan Tran Dang,
  • Yoshihiro Kuwahara

摘要

This study explores the synthesis and efficiency of iron-doped graphitic carbon nanosheet (GCN) composites derived from coconut biochar for the removal of toxic metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn). The materials were characterized using FTIR, XPS, SEM–EDS, and ICP-MS techniques. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the presence of functional groups and the successful adhesion/doping of Fe2O3 on the material surfaces. The synthesized biochar-based composites exhibited increased pore sizes but reduced specific surface areas compared to raw biochar, attributed to the formation of GCN and iron oxides. SEM–EDS analyses indicated that the use of an iron-gluconate precursor (BC@FeGlu-GCN) results in a finer and more uniform distribution of iron oxide particles on the GCN surface compared to those synthesized with an FeCl3 precursor (BC@FeChl-GCN). The study demonstrates that Fe2O3-GCN doped on the surface of the composites not only enhances the treatment efficiency of biochar across different concentration ranges but also improves its ability to remove a wider variety of toxic elements, particularly As, Cd, and Se. Principal component analysis (PCA) further confirmed that while raw biochar is highly efficient at removing Pb, Cu, and Zn from solution, the Fe2O3-GCN-doped biochar composites show a higher affinity for As and Se. The results of the study indicate the potential practical applications of this material; however, further evaluation is needed to determine the suitability of using either FeCl3 or iron-gluconate as the iron precursor, especially in terms of production cost.

Graphical Abstract