Enzymes-based nanomaterial synthesis: an eco-friendly and green synthesis approach

The synthesis of green nanoparticles has recently become a topic of considerable attention due to its advantages over traditional chemical and physical methods, particularly in terms of cost efficiency, simplicity, environmental compatibility, and broad usability. Enzyme-driven nanoparticle synthesis presents a promising method for efficient nanoparticle production. However, conventional approaches of nanomaterial synthesis sometimes involve the use of hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive procedures, resulting in environmental contamination and potential risks to human health. As biocatalysts, enzymes play a significant role in driving numerous chemical and biological processes and are present in all living organisms. Microbial enzymes have been extensively studied because of their economical production, purification, and characterization methods. Enzymes also hold immense importance in managing environmental health as they help in detoxifying or transforming harmful substances into beneficial products. This review aims to offer insights into the rapidly growing area of enzyme-based nanomaterial production and its implications for sustainable nanotechnology, also focuses on the difficulties related to enzyme stability and activity enhancement, while also emphasizing on potential areas for future research and practical use. Researchers can facilitate the creation of eco-friendly nanomaterials with many uses by utilizing enzymes, thereby promoting a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future.