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<p>Background. Most data on tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in people living with HIV (PWH) come from high TB/HIV-incidence settings. We described TB-IRIS in a low-incidence setting and applied International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS (INSHI) case definitions. Methods. Single-center retrospective study in Italy including PWH with TB (2013–2023). Results. Among 21 PWH, 2 developed unmasking and 3 paradoxical TB-IRIS, diagnosed with radiology, histology, clinical parameters and inflammatory markers. Disseminated TB and shorter TB-treatment-to-ART intervals were more common in IRIS. One paradoxical case would have been missed by INSHI criteria. Conclusion. TB-IRIS was common; inflammatory markers could aid diagnosis.</p>

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Prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a HIV and tuberculosis low-incidence setting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Chiara Sepulcri,
  • Lorenzo Crupi,
  • Emanuele Delfino,
  • Lucia Taramasso,
  • Matteo Bassetti,
  • Antonio Di Biagio

摘要

Background. Most data on tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in people living with HIV (PWH) come from high TB/HIV-incidence settings. We described TB-IRIS in a low-incidence setting and applied International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS (INSHI) case definitions. Methods. Single-center retrospective study in Italy including PWH with TB (2013–2023). Results. Among 21 PWH, 2 developed unmasking and 3 paradoxical TB-IRIS, diagnosed with radiology, histology, clinical parameters and inflammatory markers. Disseminated TB and shorter TB-treatment-to-ART intervals were more common in IRIS. One paradoxical case would have been missed by INSHI criteria. Conclusion. TB-IRIS was common; inflammatory markers could aid diagnosis.