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Introduction <p>Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were implemented in the childhood vaccination program of the Community of Madrid (CM) in 2007, but despite very high vaccination coverage since then, increasing trends in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) have been observed in recent years.</p> Methods <p>Epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data from the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System on IPD cases in children aged 0–17 years in the CM during the period 2007–2024 were analysed. A descriptive analysis was conducted by sex, age-group, clinical presentation, laboratory results, prior vaccination, and antibiotic resistance. Incidence rates (IRs) and IR ratios (IRRs) were calculated overall and by serotypes (STs) covered by each vaccine and the most relevant STs using 2015–2019 as reference period.</p> Results <p>Between 2007 and 2024, 1,856 cases of IPD were notified: 1,052 (56.7%) in boys and 804 (43.3%) in girls. By age-group, there were 431 cases (23.2%) in &lt; 1 year, 994 (53.6%) in those aged 1–4 years, and 431 (23.2%) in those aged 5–17 years. PCV7, PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20 vaccine included STs IRs increased 7.0, 2.9, 2.3, and 1.5 times, respectively (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), in 2024. STs 24A, 14, 15A, 10A, and 3 IRs also increased (IRRs: 30.5, 17.8, 2.8, 2.7, and 2.6, respectively; all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). No strains of the STs 1, 5, or 7F were detected in 2024, and STs 19A decreased to 2.2%.</p> Conclusions <p>IRs for children and adolescents increased between 2022 and 2024 in the CM, associated to the rise of some PCVs STs, as ST14, while the still persistent ST3 started to decline after 2022.</p>

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Persistence of vaccine-induced serotype-related pathology in invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Community of Madrid, 2007–2024

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Jesús Íñigo-Martínez,
  • Juan Carlos Sanz-Moreno,
  • Fernando Martín-Martínez,
  • Macarena Garrido-Estepa,
  • Ana María Humanes-Navarro,
  • Ana Garrido-Buenache,
  • Esther Córdoba-Deorador,
  • Susana Jiménez-Bueno,
  • María Araceli Arce-Arnáez

摘要

Introduction

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were implemented in the childhood vaccination program of the Community of Madrid (CM) in 2007, but despite very high vaccination coverage since then, increasing trends in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) have been observed in recent years.

Methods

Epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data from the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System on IPD cases in children aged 0–17 years in the CM during the period 2007–2024 were analysed. A descriptive analysis was conducted by sex, age-group, clinical presentation, laboratory results, prior vaccination, and antibiotic resistance. Incidence rates (IRs) and IR ratios (IRRs) were calculated overall and by serotypes (STs) covered by each vaccine and the most relevant STs using 2015–2019 as reference period.

Results

Between 2007 and 2024, 1,856 cases of IPD were notified: 1,052 (56.7%) in boys and 804 (43.3%) in girls. By age-group, there were 431 cases (23.2%) in < 1 year, 994 (53.6%) in those aged 1–4 years, and 431 (23.2%) in those aged 5–17 years. PCV7, PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20 vaccine included STs IRs increased 7.0, 2.9, 2.3, and 1.5 times, respectively (all P < 0.05), in 2024. STs 24A, 14, 15A, 10A, and 3 IRs also increased (IRRs: 30.5, 17.8, 2.8, 2.7, and 2.6, respectively; all P < 0.05). No strains of the STs 1, 5, or 7F were detected in 2024, and STs 19A decreased to 2.2%.

Conclusions

IRs for children and adolescents increased between 2022 and 2024 in the CM, associated to the rise of some PCVs STs, as ST14, while the still persistent ST3 started to decline after 2022.