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Background <p>We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological characteristics, mixed infections, and complications of chlamydial infection in pediatric inpatients based on a national database.</p> Methods <p>The discharge data of pediatric inpatients with chlamydial infection was obtained from the Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development database from January 2016 to December 2022.</p> Results <p>A total of 10,211 patients with chlamydial infection were obtained, with patients &lt; 1&#xa0;year old predominantly (44.17%, 4510/10211). Bronchopneumonia was the most prevalent (42.67%, 4355/10207) complication, followed by bronchitis (11.11%, 1134/10207) and chlamydial pneumonia (10.15%, 1036/10207). Mixed infections were identified in 60.40% of cases, with <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> being the predominant co-pathogen (47.69%, 2941/6167). Among viral and bacterial co-infections, respiratory syncytial virus (21.91%, 632/2885) and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (26.67%, 268/1005) were most frequently detected, respectively. From 2016 to 2018, the rate of hospitalized patients with chlamydial infection exhibited an almost constant level (16.95%-18.27%), peaked to 21.75% in 2019, then declined to 6.75% in 2022. The epidemics of chlamydial infection were mainly in winter (33.29%), with the highest proportion in January (12.11%, 1237/10211). The highest median hospitalization expense was incurred by patients aged &lt; 1&#xa0;year and co-infected fungi infection. Four patients died, all with respiratory failure, co-infected with multiple pathogenic infections, and other associated complications.</p> Conclusion <p>Hospitalized pediatric chlamydial infection primarily occurred in patients under four years old. Bronchopneumonia was the most prevalent complications in pediatric chlamydial infection. Over half chlamydial infection cases were identified with mixed infections with <i>Mycoplasma pneumonia</i> predominantly.</p>

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Epidemiological characteristics of Chlamydial infection in hospitalized children in China: A nationwide retrospective study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月23日

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  • Huiwen Zheng,
  • Xinyu Wang,
  • Xirong Wu,
  • Yajie Guo,
  • Feina Li,
  • Jing Xiao,
  • Hui Qi,
  • Weiwei Jiao,
  • Guoshuang Feng,
  • Ju Yin,
  • Lin Sun

摘要

Background

We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological characteristics, mixed infections, and complications of chlamydial infection in pediatric inpatients based on a national database.

Methods

The discharge data of pediatric inpatients with chlamydial infection was obtained from the Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development database from January 2016 to December 2022.

Results

A total of 10,211 patients with chlamydial infection were obtained, with patients < 1 year old predominantly (44.17%, 4510/10211). Bronchopneumonia was the most prevalent (42.67%, 4355/10207) complication, followed by bronchitis (11.11%, 1134/10207) and chlamydial pneumonia (10.15%, 1036/10207). Mixed infections were identified in 60.40% of cases, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae being the predominant co-pathogen (47.69%, 2941/6167). Among viral and bacterial co-infections, respiratory syncytial virus (21.91%, 632/2885) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (26.67%, 268/1005) were most frequently detected, respectively. From 2016 to 2018, the rate of hospitalized patients with chlamydial infection exhibited an almost constant level (16.95%-18.27%), peaked to 21.75% in 2019, then declined to 6.75% in 2022. The epidemics of chlamydial infection were mainly in winter (33.29%), with the highest proportion in January (12.11%, 1237/10211). The highest median hospitalization expense was incurred by patients aged < 1 year and co-infected fungi infection. Four patients died, all with respiratory failure, co-infected with multiple pathogenic infections, and other associated complications.

Conclusion

Hospitalized pediatric chlamydial infection primarily occurred in patients under four years old. Bronchopneumonia was the most prevalent complications in pediatric chlamydial infection. Over half chlamydial infection cases were identified with mixed infections with Mycoplasma pneumonia predominantly.