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Purpose <p>Knowledge of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) prognosis is limited. This study aimed to describe the disease course in the first year and assess one-year outcomes, focusing on clinical recovery and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL).</p> Methods <p>In this cohort study, we recruited hospitalized patients ≥ 16 years with confirmed TBE from hospitals in Norway’s endemic area. A composite clinical score consisting of variables on symptoms and neurological findings was scored at baseline (during hospitalization), 3- and 12 months. HR-QoL at 12 months was measured using RAND 36-item short form health survey and compared to the Norwegian reference population.</p> Results <p>Among the 93 patients included, clinical improvement from baseline to 3 months was 68%, increasing to 77% by 12 months. The proportion of patients with symptoms or neurological findings influencing daily life was 98% at baseline, 52% at 3 months, and 41% at 12 months. 14% required inpatient rehabilitation, and 4/56 (7%) of active workers were on full-time sick leave at 12 months. Severe disease and comorbidities were linked to poorer outcomes. Most common symptoms influencing daily life at 12 months were fatigue (28%), concentration issues (13%) memory and sleep difficulties (12% each), while 8% had clinical findings where impaired balance and tremor dominated. Patients scored lower in physical health and social functioning regarding HR-QoL than reference population.</p> Conclusion <p>Most improvements occur during the first three months; however, 41% of patients experience ongoing complaints at 12 months, impacting HR-QoL regarding physical health. Severe disease and comorbidities correlate with poorer prognoses.</p> Trial registration <p>Project #2,296,959 <b>– </b>The NOrwegian Tick-borne Encephalitis Study – NOTES. An Observational Study on Clinical Features, Long-term Outcomes and Immune Characteristics – Cristin.</p>

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Tick-borne encephalitis in Norway: A cohort study of clinical course and health-related quality of life at three- and twelve-month follow-up

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Hilde Skudal,
  • Tore Stenstad,
  • Åslaug Rudjord Lorentzen,
  • Else Quist-Paulsen,
  • Jens Egeland,
  • Børre Fevang,
  • Keson Jaioun,
  • Malin Veje,
  • Bjørn Åsheim Hansen,
  • Anne Marit Solheim,
  • Hege Kersten,
  • Randi Eikeland

摘要

Purpose

Knowledge of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) prognosis is limited. This study aimed to describe the disease course in the first year and assess one-year outcomes, focusing on clinical recovery and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL).

Methods

In this cohort study, we recruited hospitalized patients ≥ 16 years with confirmed TBE from hospitals in Norway’s endemic area. A composite clinical score consisting of variables on symptoms and neurological findings was scored at baseline (during hospitalization), 3- and 12 months. HR-QoL at 12 months was measured using RAND 36-item short form health survey and compared to the Norwegian reference population.

Results

Among the 93 patients included, clinical improvement from baseline to 3 months was 68%, increasing to 77% by 12 months. The proportion of patients with symptoms or neurological findings influencing daily life was 98% at baseline, 52% at 3 months, and 41% at 12 months. 14% required inpatient rehabilitation, and 4/56 (7%) of active workers were on full-time sick leave at 12 months. Severe disease and comorbidities were linked to poorer outcomes. Most common symptoms influencing daily life at 12 months were fatigue (28%), concentration issues (13%) memory and sleep difficulties (12% each), while 8% had clinical findings where impaired balance and tremor dominated. Patients scored lower in physical health and social functioning regarding HR-QoL than reference population.

Conclusion

Most improvements occur during the first three months; however, 41% of patients experience ongoing complaints at 12 months, impacting HR-QoL regarding physical health. Severe disease and comorbidities correlate with poorer prognoses.

Trial registration

Project #2,296,959 – The NOrwegian Tick-borne Encephalitis Study – NOTES. An Observational Study on Clinical Features, Long-term Outcomes and Immune Characteristics – Cristin.