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Background <p>Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) represent a significant global health issue, especially affecting low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we explored the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>-related LRIs from 1990 to 2021, highlighting trends by age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).</p> Methods <p>Data were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Temporal trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) for <i>S. aureus</i>-related LRIs were analyzed based on the average annual percent change (AAPC), in terms of sex, 20-age groups, 21 regions, 204 countries, and 5 SDI quintiles.</p> Results <p>In 2021, <i>S. aureus</i>-related LRIs contributed to 423,837 deaths (95% UI: 382,183–458,926), a 67.56% increase since 1990. In comparison, the global ASMR was 5.43 per 100,000 (95% UI: 4.89–5.90), and the ASDR was 156.80 per 100,000 (95% UI: 139.44–176.08), both exhibiting a declining trend compared to 1990. Rates were higher in low SDI regions, with Central Sub-Saharan Africa reporting the highest ASMR, while Eastern Europe had the lowest. Among the 204 countries analyzed, Zimbabwe recorded high ASMR and ASDR, at 24.84 (95% UI: 19.44–30.16) and 754.34 (95% UI: 591.05–923.06), respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>Although the global ASMR and ASDR decreased in 2021, the number of deaths from <i>S. aureus</i>-related LRIs significantly increased driven by the growing population and proportion of aged individuals. Additionally, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has made treatment more complex, particularly in low SDI regions, highlighting the urgent need for more targeted strategies, therapies, and vaccines.</p>

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Global trends in staphylococcus aureus-related lower respiratory infections from 1990 to 2021: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease report

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月5日

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  • Hong Chen,
  • Shuang Song,
  • Rui Cui,
  • Yong-Wang Feng,
  • Peng Ge

摘要

Background

Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) represent a significant global health issue, especially affecting low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we explored the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with Staphylococcus aureus-related LRIs from 1990 to 2021, highlighting trends by age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).

Methods

Data were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Temporal trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) for S. aureus-related LRIs were analyzed based on the average annual percent change (AAPC), in terms of sex, 20-age groups, 21 regions, 204 countries, and 5 SDI quintiles.

Results

In 2021, S. aureus-related LRIs contributed to 423,837 deaths (95% UI: 382,183–458,926), a 67.56% increase since 1990. In comparison, the global ASMR was 5.43 per 100,000 (95% UI: 4.89–5.90), and the ASDR was 156.80 per 100,000 (95% UI: 139.44–176.08), both exhibiting a declining trend compared to 1990. Rates were higher in low SDI regions, with Central Sub-Saharan Africa reporting the highest ASMR, while Eastern Europe had the lowest. Among the 204 countries analyzed, Zimbabwe recorded high ASMR and ASDR, at 24.84 (95% UI: 19.44–30.16) and 754.34 (95% UI: 591.05–923.06), respectively.

Conclusions

Although the global ASMR and ASDR decreased in 2021, the number of deaths from S. aureus-related LRIs significantly increased driven by the growing population and proportion of aged individuals. Additionally, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has made treatment more complex, particularly in low SDI regions, highlighting the urgent need for more targeted strategies, therapies, and vaccines.