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Purpose <p>Multiresistant (MR) bacteria neonatal sepsis has been progressively increasing worldwide, raising the risk of death. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) and the incidence of MR agents in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in a Brazilian tertiary neonatal unit over 15 years.</p> Methods <p>This was a retrospective temporal trend study. All VLBW infants admitted from 2006 to 2020 diagnosed with LOS caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus spp</i> or Gram-negative bacilli were eligible.</p> Results <p>During the period, 259/1,575 (16.4%) VLBW infants had confirmed LOS, corresponding to 311 episodes of sepsis, 114 of them by agents of interest. There were 20 episodes of MR bacteria LOS (6.4% of the total confirmed LOS), corresponding to 17.5% of the cases of LOS by the studied agents, and to an incidence of 12.7/1,000 admitted VLBW infants. There was a significant trend towards a reduction in the rate of confirmed LOS (<i>P</i> = 0.010), while the trend of incidence of MR agents’ sepsis remained stable (1.3 episodes per year - range 0–4/year). The MR incidence corresponded to 18.4% for <i>S. aureus</i> and 19% for Gram-negative bacilli strains. There were no cases of MR Enterococcus or carbapenemase-producing organisms. The rate of sepsis-related in-hospital death was not statistically different between the MR and non-resistant sepsis groups (15.0 versus 19.1%, <i>P</i> = 1,000).</p> Conclusion <p>The incidence of confirmed LOS in VLBW infants has shown a downward trend, while the rate of LOS due to MR bacteria has remained low and stable over 15 years.</p>

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Trends in incidence of neonatal late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants: a 15-year Brazilian single center analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月21日

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  • Bárbara Barros Pereira Lobo,
  • Jamil Pedro de Siqueira Caldas

摘要

Purpose

Multiresistant (MR) bacteria neonatal sepsis has been progressively increasing worldwide, raising the risk of death. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) and the incidence of MR agents in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in a Brazilian tertiary neonatal unit over 15 years.

Methods

This was a retrospective temporal trend study. All VLBW infants admitted from 2006 to 2020 diagnosed with LOS caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp or Gram-negative bacilli were eligible.

Results

During the period, 259/1,575 (16.4%) VLBW infants had confirmed LOS, corresponding to 311 episodes of sepsis, 114 of them by agents of interest. There were 20 episodes of MR bacteria LOS (6.4% of the total confirmed LOS), corresponding to 17.5% of the cases of LOS by the studied agents, and to an incidence of 12.7/1,000 admitted VLBW infants. There was a significant trend towards a reduction in the rate of confirmed LOS (P = 0.010), while the trend of incidence of MR agents’ sepsis remained stable (1.3 episodes per year - range 0–4/year). The MR incidence corresponded to 18.4% for S. aureus and 19% for Gram-negative bacilli strains. There were no cases of MR Enterococcus or carbapenemase-producing organisms. The rate of sepsis-related in-hospital death was not statistically different between the MR and non-resistant sepsis groups (15.0 versus 19.1%, P = 1,000).

Conclusion

The incidence of confirmed LOS in VLBW infants has shown a downward trend, while the rate of LOS due to MR bacteria has remained low and stable over 15 years.