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Background <p>Clinically, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and ischemic stroke, as major contributors to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI), leads to cognitive decline, brain dysfunction, and neurological disability. Increasing evidence has highlighted the significant role of neurovascular unit (NVU) damage in the development of CIRI, leading to disruptions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), alterations in cerebral blood flow regulation, and enhanced neuroinflammation. Over time, the concept of NVU has gained prominence, with research emphasizing the intricate interactions between cells and their microenvironment, which are essential for tissue repair and functional recovery.</p> Methods <p>Among the various cell types in the NVU, pericytes have attracted renewed attention. These cells are crucial for the formation and upkeep of the NVU, with their dysfunction linked to various central nervous system (CNS) diseases.</p> Results <p>Cerebral pericytes are vital for regulating BBB integrity, permeability, and blood flow, while also contributing to a wide range of functions, including contractility, immune responses, migration, angiogenesis, and stem cell potential. They are pivotal in the pathological progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. However, the study of pericytes has been hindered due to the lack of specific biomarkers.</p> Conclusions <p>A deeper understanding of pericytes is expected to enhance recognition of their role in the NVU. Studies from databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, up to 2025, have been reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of pericyte interactions within the NVU and CIRI, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.</p>

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Rediscovery of pericytes within the neurovascular unit for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Shitong Su,
  • Lianjing Liang,
  • Lu Gan,
  • Yu Cao

摘要

Background

Clinically, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and ischemic stroke, as major contributors to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI), leads to cognitive decline, brain dysfunction, and neurological disability. Increasing evidence has highlighted the significant role of neurovascular unit (NVU) damage in the development of CIRI, leading to disruptions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), alterations in cerebral blood flow regulation, and enhanced neuroinflammation. Over time, the concept of NVU has gained prominence, with research emphasizing the intricate interactions between cells and their microenvironment, which are essential for tissue repair and functional recovery.

Methods

Among the various cell types in the NVU, pericytes have attracted renewed attention. These cells are crucial for the formation and upkeep of the NVU, with their dysfunction linked to various central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Results

Cerebral pericytes are vital for regulating BBB integrity, permeability, and blood flow, while also contributing to a wide range of functions, including contractility, immune responses, migration, angiogenesis, and stem cell potential. They are pivotal in the pathological progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. However, the study of pericytes has been hindered due to the lack of specific biomarkers.

Conclusions

A deeper understanding of pericytes is expected to enhance recognition of their role in the NVU. Studies from databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, up to 2025, have been reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of pericyte interactions within the NVU and CIRI, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.