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Background <p>There is a lack of large sample-size studies on the prevalence and outcome of Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) in Chinese Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.</p> Method <p>A total of 706 patients with PD were included in the study. Patients were divided into DDS and non-DDS groups according to whether they met the diagnostic criteria for DDS. The outcome of DDS in patients with DDS was followed up by telephone.</p> Result <p>DDS was diagnosed in 29 of 706 (4.1%) patients. Compared to non-DDS patients, DDS patients had an early age of onset, longer disease duration, a high percentage of impulse control disorder, dyskinesia, and motor fluctuation, higher Hoehn-Yahr stage, and higher scores of non-motor symptoms. Higher levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) (OR [95% CI] = 1.47 [1.10, 2.00], <i>P</i> = 0.010) and severe depressive symptoms (OR [95% CI] = 3.15 [1.39, 7.33], <i>P</i> = 0.007) were risk factors for DDS in PD patients. After a mean follow-up of 2.94 ± 0.94 years, 24 patients with DDS were reached, and only three patients had persistent DDS. Youden index and univariate logistic regression model found that baseline LEDD ≧ 950&#xa0;mg/day was an effective predictor for persistent DDS.</p> Conclusion <p>The high disease burden of DDS emphasized the need for the prevention of DDS in the clinic. Controlling LEDD was important for preventing persistent DDS, and we provided a recommendation LEDD cutoff to prevent persistent DDS in Chinese PD patients.</p>

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Risk factors and outcome of dopamine dysregulation syndrome in a large Chinese Parkinson’s disease cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Yi Xiao,
  • Simin Kang,
  • Ruwei Ou,
  • Junyu Lin,
  • Tianmi Yang,
  • Qirui Jiang,
  • Wei Song,
  • Huifang Shang

摘要

Background

There is a lack of large sample-size studies on the prevalence and outcome of Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) in Chinese Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.

Method

A total of 706 patients with PD were included in the study. Patients were divided into DDS and non-DDS groups according to whether they met the diagnostic criteria for DDS. The outcome of DDS in patients with DDS was followed up by telephone.

Result

DDS was diagnosed in 29 of 706 (4.1%) patients. Compared to non-DDS patients, DDS patients had an early age of onset, longer disease duration, a high percentage of impulse control disorder, dyskinesia, and motor fluctuation, higher Hoehn-Yahr stage, and higher scores of non-motor symptoms. Higher levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) (OR [95% CI] = 1.47 [1.10, 2.00], P = 0.010) and severe depressive symptoms (OR [95% CI] = 3.15 [1.39, 7.33], P = 0.007) were risk factors for DDS in PD patients. After a mean follow-up of 2.94 ± 0.94 years, 24 patients with DDS were reached, and only three patients had persistent DDS. Youden index and univariate logistic regression model found that baseline LEDD ≧ 950 mg/day was an effective predictor for persistent DDS.

Conclusion

The high disease burden of DDS emphasized the need for the prevention of DDS in the clinic. Controlling LEDD was important for preventing persistent DDS, and we provided a recommendation LEDD cutoff to prevent persistent DDS in Chinese PD patients.