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<p><i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> is a widely used Asian medicinal plant valued for its bioactive compounds and therapeutic benefits. However, it is often adulterated with the closely related species <i>S. yunnanensis</i>, complicating identification by conventional PCR and HPLC because of overlapping genetic and chemical profiles. To address this issue, we developed a qPCR assay using SNP-specific primers targeting chloroplast <i>atpF</i> variation between the two species. The assay showed high sensitivity and specificity, detecting <i>S. yunnanensis</i> adulteration at 0.1% in binary mixtures. HPLC analysis provided complementary chemical profiling data and supported the molecular results. Overall, the <i>atpF</i> SNP-based qPCR assay enables accurate identification of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> and detection of potential adulteration in herbal products. Compared with conventional PCR and HPLC-based approaches, this method offers a rapid, sensitive, and species-specific authentication strategy applicable to processed commercial herbal products.</p>

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A qPCR-based method based on a chloroplast atpF gene SNP for the accurate authentication of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia yunnanensis in herbal products

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Yu Kyong Hu,
  • Nguyen Viet Phong,
  • Hong-Ju Lee,
  • Mi-Ran Cha,
  • Sukjin Song,
  • Jungmin Ha,
  • Seo Young Yang,
  • Sung Don Lim

摘要

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a widely used Asian medicinal plant valued for its bioactive compounds and therapeutic benefits. However, it is often adulterated with the closely related species S. yunnanensis, complicating identification by conventional PCR and HPLC because of overlapping genetic and chemical profiles. To address this issue, we developed a qPCR assay using SNP-specific primers targeting chloroplast atpF variation between the two species. The assay showed high sensitivity and specificity, detecting S. yunnanensis adulteration at 0.1% in binary mixtures. HPLC analysis provided complementary chemical profiling data and supported the molecular results. Overall, the atpF SNP-based qPCR assay enables accurate identification of S. miltiorrhiza and detection of potential adulteration in herbal products. Compared with conventional PCR and HPLC-based approaches, this method offers a rapid, sensitive, and species-specific authentication strategy applicable to processed commercial herbal products.