Antithrombic effects of Piper retrofractum in a rat model of acute thrombosis: modulation of endothelial adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors

Piper retrofractum (PR) is a tropical plant used as a spice in Southeast Asia. This study investigated the antithrombotic effect of PR in rats with acute thrombosis induced by collagen and epinephrine (CE). The rats were divided into four groups, control (CON), CE, PR15, and PR30, with PR administered at 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight. PR treatment significantly reduced paralysis time compared to the CE. The activated partial thromboplastin time in the PR15 group tended to decrease compared to the CE. Histologically, the both sample groups exhibited reduced blood clots within lung tissues and decreased E-selectin expression in aortic tissue. PR also tended to decrease cyclooxygenase levels and significantly reduce intracellular adhesion molecule 1 levels. PR has demonstrated potential for inhibiting thrombosis by regulating coagulation factors, adhesion molecules, and cyclooxygenase. This finding suggests its potential application as a therapeutic agent for lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases.