Objective The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Raynaud-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) into Turkish, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of RQLQ in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon. Methods Patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon completed the Turkish RQLQ and several validated questionnaires including the WHO-5 Well-being Index, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), Short Form-12 (SF-12), Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), and Jenkins Sleep Evaluation Scale (JSS). Construct validity was examined using correlation analyses between the Turkish RQLQ and related outcome measures. Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Regarding reliability, internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The study included 88 patients with a mean age of 50.8 ± 12.2 years and RQLQ total score of 94.8 ± 28.1. The Turkish RQLQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.95) and high test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.95; p < 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure consistent with the original questionnaire, explaining 69.6% of the total variance (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin = 0.875; Bartlett’s test p < 0.001). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) between the Turkish RQLQ and B-IPQ (r = − 0.646), SF-12 Physical Component Summary (r = 0.676), WHO-5 (r = 0.381), HAQ-DI (r = − 0.490), DASH (r = − 0.607), HADS-A (rho = − 0.470), and HADS-D (rho = − 0.460) supported construct validity. No substantial floor or ceiling effects were observed for the RQLQ total score (< 15%). Conclusion The Turkish version of the RQLQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing disease-specific quality of life in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon. <Table Float="No" ID="Taba"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec align="left" colname="c1" colnum="1" /> <colspec align="left" colname="c2" colnum="2" /> <tbody> <row> <entry align="left" nameend="c2" namest="c1"> Key Points • The RQLQ was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Turkish. • The Turkish RQLQ showed excellent internal consistency and high test–retest reliability in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon. • The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable construct validity and factor analysis supported a five-factor structure consistent with the original questionnaire. • The Turkish RQLQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing quality of life in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon. </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </Table>

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Raynaud Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ)

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年8月4日

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Ilke Coskun Benlidayi,
Aylin Sariyildiz,
Volkan Deniz,
Aysegul Yetisir,
Ovgu Bickici,
Ipek Turk,
Ayse Gögeer,
Balázs Fábián

摘要

Objective

The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Raynaud-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) into Turkish, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of RQLQ in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Methods

Patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon completed the Turkish RQLQ and several validated questionnaires including the WHO-5 Well-being Index, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), Short Form-12 (SF-12), Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), and Jenkins Sleep Evaluation Scale (JSS). Construct validity was examined using correlation analyses between the Turkish RQLQ and related outcome measures. Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Regarding reliability, internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

The study included 88 patients with a mean age of 50.8 ± 12.2 years and RQLQ total score of 94.8 ± 28.1. The Turkish RQLQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.95) and high test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.95; p < 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure consistent with the original questionnaire, explaining 69.6% of the total variance (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin = 0.875; Bartlett’s test p < 0.001). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) between the Turkish RQLQ and B-IPQ (r = − 0.646), SF-12 Physical Component Summary (r = 0.676), WHO-5 (r = 0.381), HAQ-DI (r = − 0.490), DASH (r = − 0.607), HADS-A (rho = − 0.470), and HADS-D (rho = − 0.460) supported construct validity. No substantial floor or ceiling effects were observed for the RQLQ total score (< 15%).

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the RQLQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing disease-specific quality of life in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Key Points

• The RQLQ was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Turkish.

• The Turkish RQLQ showed excellent internal consistency and high test–retest reliability in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon.

• The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable construct validity and factor analysis supported a five-factor structure consistent with the original questionnaire.

• The Turkish RQLQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing quality of life in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon.