The role of vitamins D, B12, C, and K in modulating inflammation and disease management in rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by joint inflammation and destruction. Recent studies emphasize the importance of vitamins D, B12, C, and K in managing RA and enhancing patient health. Vitamin D deficiency is common in RA patients and correlates with increased disease severity, indicating its potential to modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation. Supplementation has shown promise in improving disease activity scores and lowering inflammatory markers. Vitamin B12 is vital for energy and neurological function; its deficiency can worsen fatigue in RA sufferers. Vitamin C, with its antioxidant properties, aids collagen synthesis and may reduce joint inflammation. Vitamin K, particularly through Matrix Gla-Protein (MGP), is essential for bone health and may help prevent joint calcification and osteoporosis. Collectively, these vitamins play critical roles in immune modulation, inflammation reduction, and bone health in RA management, warranting further research on optimal dosages and combinations for effective treatment strategies.