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<p>Vegetation root systems are crucial for enhancing shallow slope stability. However, key mechanical responses—such as root penetration across slip planes and tensile restraint on slope scarps-remain insufficiently characterized, and few existing models adequately account for soil-rock interface features and root spatial architecture. Focusing on <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> stands in the Qinling Mountains, China, this study systematically explores root-reinforcement mechanisms through field investigations, laboratory testing, theoretical analysis, and finite difference modelling. Direct shear tests indicate that the shear strength of root-soil composites is collectively governed by root biomass, soil moisture, and root diameter, revealing a pronounced interactive interplay between soil hydrological conditions and mechanical behaviour. Specifically, the composite shear strength peaks at a root content of 0.6% and a moisture content of 16%, elevating root cohesion by up to 105.9%. Calibrated against experimental data, a theoretical analytical model and a finite difference numerical model integrating root reinforcement contributions are developed to formulate an evaluation framework for vegetated shallow slope stability. Quantitative comparisons across three root distribution scenarios reveal root anchorage reduces slope displacement by 73.5% and increases safety factors by 180% compared to bare slope. Mechanistically, roots deliver synergistic tensile, reinforcing, and anchoring effects that restrict soil displacement, limit slip surface propagation, homogenize subsurface stress fields, and increase safety factors. This work clarifies the stabilizing mechanism of <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> roots, laying a robust theoretical foundation for ecological slope protection relying on vegetation.</p>

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Soil reinforcement by Robinia pseudoacacia roots and its stabilization mechanism for shallow root-soil composite slopes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Xing Chen,
  • Yanjun Shen,
  • Ping Ni,
  • Zijian Li,
  • Jinyu Zhu,
  • Yibing Ning,
  • Haitao Wang

摘要

Vegetation root systems are crucial for enhancing shallow slope stability. However, key mechanical responses—such as root penetration across slip planes and tensile restraint on slope scarps-remain insufficiently characterized, and few existing models adequately account for soil-rock interface features and root spatial architecture. Focusing on Robinia pseudoacacia stands in the Qinling Mountains, China, this study systematically explores root-reinforcement mechanisms through field investigations, laboratory testing, theoretical analysis, and finite difference modelling. Direct shear tests indicate that the shear strength of root-soil composites is collectively governed by root biomass, soil moisture, and root diameter, revealing a pronounced interactive interplay between soil hydrological conditions and mechanical behaviour. Specifically, the composite shear strength peaks at a root content of 0.6% and a moisture content of 16%, elevating root cohesion by up to 105.9%. Calibrated against experimental data, a theoretical analytical model and a finite difference numerical model integrating root reinforcement contributions are developed to formulate an evaluation framework for vegetated shallow slope stability. Quantitative comparisons across three root distribution scenarios reveal root anchorage reduces slope displacement by 73.5% and increases safety factors by 180% compared to bare slope. Mechanistically, roots deliver synergistic tensile, reinforcing, and anchoring effects that restrict soil displacement, limit slip surface propagation, homogenize subsurface stress fields, and increase safety factors. This work clarifies the stabilizing mechanism of Robinia pseudoacacia roots, laying a robust theoretical foundation for ecological slope protection relying on vegetation.