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<p>Polyurethane (PU) grouting, known for rapid curing, high expansion, high strength, and stable properties, has been applied in a novel method for rapid solidification of gravel soil. This study combines field experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the grouting reinforcement mechanism. In-situ direct shear tests were conducted to evaluate changes in soil shear strength before and after PU solidification. Results reveal a composite diffusion mechanism involving both permeation and fracturing: PU forms sheet-like fractures in finer soil, while permeating and encapsulating coarse particles, effectively filling inter-particle voids. The PU diffusion distance follows a power function with fitted exponents of 0.35 (horizontal) and 0.34 (vertical), showing excellent goodness-of-fit. Comparisons between experimental and simulated direct shear tests show cohesion errors between − 4.5% and 6.3%. Internal friction angle variations are minor, but simulated values are consistently slightly lower than experimental ones, with errors from − 4.5% to -2.4%. The diffusion pattern and morphology were simulated by embedding directional cohesive elements globally. Both experimental and numerical results confirm a cruciform-shaped, three-dimensional consolidated mass.This validated numerical framework, together with the field-calibrated power-law model, offers engineers a practical tool for designing PU grouting in gravel soils, enabling rapid, material-efficient, and environmentally less disruptive slope reinforcement.Practically, for gravel soils with 80–90% compaction, engineers can estimate the horizontal diffusion radius as y = 65.97 × <sup>0.35</sup> (cm, kg), space grouting points at 1.2–1.5 times this radius, and expect cohesion to increase from ~ 35–40&#xa0;kPa to 60–100&#xa0;kPa with 1–2&#xa0;kg grouting per hole.</p>

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Research on permeability-diffusion mechanism of polyurethane-cured gravel soil: field test and numerical modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Zhichao Zhang,
  • Yihan Lu,
  • Changguang Qi,
  • Rufa Huang,
  • Chaoxu Guo

摘要

Polyurethane (PU) grouting, known for rapid curing, high expansion, high strength, and stable properties, has been applied in a novel method for rapid solidification of gravel soil. This study combines field experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the grouting reinforcement mechanism. In-situ direct shear tests were conducted to evaluate changes in soil shear strength before and after PU solidification. Results reveal a composite diffusion mechanism involving both permeation and fracturing: PU forms sheet-like fractures in finer soil, while permeating and encapsulating coarse particles, effectively filling inter-particle voids. The PU diffusion distance follows a power function with fitted exponents of 0.35 (horizontal) and 0.34 (vertical), showing excellent goodness-of-fit. Comparisons between experimental and simulated direct shear tests show cohesion errors between − 4.5% and 6.3%. Internal friction angle variations are minor, but simulated values are consistently slightly lower than experimental ones, with errors from − 4.5% to -2.4%. The diffusion pattern and morphology were simulated by embedding directional cohesive elements globally. Both experimental and numerical results confirm a cruciform-shaped, three-dimensional consolidated mass.This validated numerical framework, together with the field-calibrated power-law model, offers engineers a practical tool for designing PU grouting in gravel soils, enabling rapid, material-efficient, and environmentally less disruptive slope reinforcement.Practically, for gravel soils with 80–90% compaction, engineers can estimate the horizontal diffusion radius as y = 65.97 × 0.35 (cm, kg), space grouting points at 1.2–1.5 times this radius, and expect cohesion to increase from ~ 35–40 kPa to 60–100 kPa with 1–2 kg grouting per hole.