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<p>Tailings reservoirs in seasonally frozen regions face significant challenges related to seepage behavior and the progressive degradation of drainage performance due to clogging. This study investigates a tailings impoundment in Northeast China. Based on unsaturated soil seepage theory and fractal geometry, the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the permeability function of the tailings materials are derived. The drainage performance of horizontal arc-shaped pipes, air-driven vertical wells, and their combined system is evaluated under various operational scenarios, including partial clogging and failure conditions. Comparative analysis between field-measured saturation line data and numerical simulations shows that the existing drainage infrastructure effectively controls the dam’s saturation line under normal operating conditions. However, when one-quarter of the drainage facilities are impaired, the saturation line rises noticeably and hydraulic gradients increase, leading to reduced safety factors against seepage. When two-thirds of the drainage capacity is compromised, the seepage safety factor declines to 2.41, which fails to meet the regulatory requirement (<i>K</i>s &gt; 2.5) specified in Chinese standard GB50487-2008. The optimized combined drainage system (horizontal pipes plus air-driven wells) demonstrates superior performance, lowering the saturation line depth by up to 105% under normal conditions and maintaining the saturation line above the safety threshold (9 m) even under a 40% capacity reduction due to clogging. This study provides a practical reference for the design and safety management of drainage systems in tailings dams located in seasonal frost areas.</p>

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Effect Analysis of Different Drainage Facilities and Layout Optimization of Drainage System in Tailings Reservoir in Seasonal Frozen Area

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Qing-Yin Meng,
  • Ming-Liang Xie,
  • Zhi-Wei Huang,
  • Xiao-Dong Zhang,
  • Lian-Heng Zhao

摘要

Tailings reservoirs in seasonally frozen regions face significant challenges related to seepage behavior and the progressive degradation of drainage performance due to clogging. This study investigates a tailings impoundment in Northeast China. Based on unsaturated soil seepage theory and fractal geometry, the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the permeability function of the tailings materials are derived. The drainage performance of horizontal arc-shaped pipes, air-driven vertical wells, and their combined system is evaluated under various operational scenarios, including partial clogging and failure conditions. Comparative analysis between field-measured saturation line data and numerical simulations shows that the existing drainage infrastructure effectively controls the dam’s saturation line under normal operating conditions. However, when one-quarter of the drainage facilities are impaired, the saturation line rises noticeably and hydraulic gradients increase, leading to reduced safety factors against seepage. When two-thirds of the drainage capacity is compromised, the seepage safety factor declines to 2.41, which fails to meet the regulatory requirement (Ks > 2.5) specified in Chinese standard GB50487-2008. The optimized combined drainage system (horizontal pipes plus air-driven wells) demonstrates superior performance, lowering the saturation line depth by up to 105% under normal conditions and maintaining the saturation line above the safety threshold (9 m) even under a 40% capacity reduction due to clogging. This study provides a practical reference for the design and safety management of drainage systems in tailings dams located in seasonal frost areas.