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<p>Sustainable management of aggregate resources is critical for infrastructure development, yet riverine sand and gravel extraction poses significant environmental and socio-economic challenges. This study develops a methodology to identify optimal extraction sites in the Piryu River Region, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, by integrating geotechnical surveys with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) multicriteria decision analysis. Field investigations and laboratory particle size analyses characterized 19 newly identified sites, confirming aggregate-bearing alluvial deposits and supporting suitability mapping via AHP-GIS technology. Ten parameters were evaluated: lithology, distance to stream confluences, land use, distance to urban areas, roads, existing excavation sites, bridges, irrigation systems, protected zones, and demand centers. AHP determined relative weights, identifying lithology (0.2529) and proximity to stream confluences (0.1436) as the most critical factors. Weighted layers were synthesized in GIS to produce a five-class suitability map. The model was quantitatively validated using receiver operating characteristic analysis, yielding an area under the curve of 0.8948, confirming very good predictive ability. Results show that only 4.9% of the study area is classified as very high suitability. These zones are predominantly located in the middle and lower reaches of the Piryu River, where thick alluvial deposits, favorable geomorphology, and sufficient distance from urban centers and protected areas coincide. They contain fine to coarse sands suitable for structural concrete and mortar applications. The integrated AHP-GIS approach, validated by geotechnical data and ROC-AUC analysis, provides a replicable, data-driven decision-support tool for balancing resource extraction with environmental stewardship.</p>

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Geotechnical survey and mapping of aggregate extraction sites using the analytic hierarchy process and ArcGIS in the Piryu River Region, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Hyon-Ryong Pang,
  • Ryong-Kil Ri,
  • Yon-Ho Kim,
  • Chol-Ju Jang,
  • Chung-Hyok Paek,
  • Chang-Hyok Kim,
  • Jin-Hyok Kang,
  • Kum-Hyok Choe

摘要

Sustainable management of aggregate resources is critical for infrastructure development, yet riverine sand and gravel extraction poses significant environmental and socio-economic challenges. This study develops a methodology to identify optimal extraction sites in the Piryu River Region, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, by integrating geotechnical surveys with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) multicriteria decision analysis. Field investigations and laboratory particle size analyses characterized 19 newly identified sites, confirming aggregate-bearing alluvial deposits and supporting suitability mapping via AHP-GIS technology. Ten parameters were evaluated: lithology, distance to stream confluences, land use, distance to urban areas, roads, existing excavation sites, bridges, irrigation systems, protected zones, and demand centers. AHP determined relative weights, identifying lithology (0.2529) and proximity to stream confluences (0.1436) as the most critical factors. Weighted layers were synthesized in GIS to produce a five-class suitability map. The model was quantitatively validated using receiver operating characteristic analysis, yielding an area under the curve of 0.8948, confirming very good predictive ability. Results show that only 4.9% of the study area is classified as very high suitability. These zones are predominantly located in the middle and lower reaches of the Piryu River, where thick alluvial deposits, favorable geomorphology, and sufficient distance from urban centers and protected areas coincide. They contain fine to coarse sands suitable for structural concrete and mortar applications. The integrated AHP-GIS approach, validated by geotechnical data and ROC-AUC analysis, provides a replicable, data-driven decision-support tool for balancing resource extraction with environmental stewardship.