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<p>The high-altitude ancient landslide in Lijie north hill, Zhouqu County, China, located at the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has been in a state of long-term creep. It has reactivated eight times in the past 50 years. This study used field investigation, engineering geological drilling, laboratory geotechnical tests and time-series InSAR. It analyzed the engineering geological composition and surface time-series deformation of the landslide. It summarized the deformation characteristics and clarified the failure mode. Results show that the landslide is a high-altitude accumulation landslide along the Bailongjiang fault zone. The slide mass is mainly composed of loess and gravelly soil. The slope structure is significantly degraded with well-developed fractures. In 2021, the sliding zone of the reactivated slope deepened. This caused the failure of existing prevention and control structures. The landslide then evolved into two bodies: H1-1 and H1-2. Both show combined deformation: toe retrogression and rear pushing. InSAR results show a significant positive correlation between deformation and precipitation. On May 23, 2020, rainfall of 21.62&#xa0;mm triggered a sudden increase in displacement rate. The slope quickly changed from slow creep to accelerated deformation. The failure mode includes three stages: tensile cracking initiation in the source area; impact and crushing in the transport zone; debris flow deposition in the accumulation zone. The results can provide references for understanding reactivation mechanisms and prevention of high-altitude ancient landslides.</p>

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Study on deformation characteristics and failure modes of high-altitude ancient landslide in Lijie North Hill, Zhouqu, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Xiao-hui Yang,
  • Fei Hu,
  • Xiao-jie Liu,
  • Yuan-wen Jiang,
  • Xin Jiang,
  • Xue-liang Cui,
  • Kun-quan Chen,
  • Shi-kui Zhu

摘要

The high-altitude ancient landslide in Lijie north hill, Zhouqu County, China, located at the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has been in a state of long-term creep. It has reactivated eight times in the past 50 years. This study used field investigation, engineering geological drilling, laboratory geotechnical tests and time-series InSAR. It analyzed the engineering geological composition and surface time-series deformation of the landslide. It summarized the deformation characteristics and clarified the failure mode. Results show that the landslide is a high-altitude accumulation landslide along the Bailongjiang fault zone. The slide mass is mainly composed of loess and gravelly soil. The slope structure is significantly degraded with well-developed fractures. In 2021, the sliding zone of the reactivated slope deepened. This caused the failure of existing prevention and control structures. The landslide then evolved into two bodies: H1-1 and H1-2. Both show combined deformation: toe retrogression and rear pushing. InSAR results show a significant positive correlation between deformation and precipitation. On May 23, 2020, rainfall of 21.62 mm triggered a sudden increase in displacement rate. The slope quickly changed from slow creep to accelerated deformation. The failure mode includes three stages: tensile cracking initiation in the source area; impact and crushing in the transport zone; debris flow deposition in the accumulation zone. The results can provide references for understanding reactivation mechanisms and prevention of high-altitude ancient landslides.