<p>Coseismic landslides can reshape landscapes and influence erosion rates due to their abundance and extent. Catchments, as fundamental geomorphic units, inherit landform evolution characteristics that influence landslide distribution. However, the influence of catchment evolutionary stages on landslides remains understood. Based on 332 delineated catchments and nearly 90,000 coseismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, this study used the Hypsometric Integral (<i>HI</i>) to quantify catchment landscape evolution stages and examined the influence of landscape evolution on coseismic landslides distribution patterns. The results show that <i>HI</i> values of catchments range from 0.297 to 0.637, with most catchments in the maturity stage (0.4 &lt; <i>HI</i> ≤ 0.6). The findings reveal that catchment characteristics significantly affect coseismic landslide distribution, size, and frequency. In youth catchments, coseismic landslides tend to occur near the catchment summit, shifting downslope toward the outlet in maturity catchments. Coseismic landslides are most prevalent in catchments with <i>HI</i> ≤ 0.6. Smaller landslides tend to aggregate near ridges, while larger landslides favor valley-proximal locations. Western Longmenshan catchments, characterized by high erosion rates and geomorphic maturity, are dominated by large, whole-slope failures in steep, high-elevation terrain. Conversely, the eastern catchments feature a dispersed distribution of large landslides across variable slope positions. Moreover, the surface area affected by coseismic landslides reaches a maximum of 49.72% of the total catchment area. These findings highlight the influence of landscape evolution on coseismic landslide distribution and emphasize the landscape evolution driven by large-scale landslides in tectonically active regions.</p>