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<p>Hydro-chemical erosion coupled with wetting-drying (W-D) cycles poses a severe threat to the dynamic stability of rock engineering in acid rain-prone regions. However, the dynamic response characteristics and damage evolution mechanism under such complex coupling remain insufficiently understood. In this study, red sandstone specimens were subjected to W-D cycles in hydrochloric acid solutions with pH values ranging from 2 to 7. Subsequently, static compression tests and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) impact tests were conducted to investigate the evolution of dynamic mechanical properties, energy dissipation characteristics, and fractal features of fragmentation. The results reveal that acidic environments significantly accelerate material degradation compared to neutral conditions. Specifically, after 30 cycles under strong acidic conditions (pH 2), the dynamic compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of red sandstone decreased by 43.87% and 47.88%, respectively, while the peak strain increased by 17.73%, marking a distinct transition from brittle to ductile-like failure. Fractal and energy analyses uncover a critical inverse relationship: although strong acidity leads to finer fragmentation and higher fractal dimensions, the energy dissipation density decreases by up to 30.77%. This implies that the chemically weakened skeleton requires significantly less energy to rupture. This degradation mechanism is fundamentally attributed to the dissolution of calcite in the mineral composition, which compromises the structural integrity of the rock. The findings provide experimental evidence for evaluating the dynamic safety of rock masses subjected to acidic environments.</p>

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Response of a sandstone treated by acid solutions and wetting-drying cycles: dynamic mechanical properties and their fractal features

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Zhan Jinwu,
  • Yang Chiyu,
  • Wu Yujiao,
  • Zou Zhenxing,
  • Du Guangzhao,
  • Chen Yijie

摘要

Hydro-chemical erosion coupled with wetting-drying (W-D) cycles poses a severe threat to the dynamic stability of rock engineering in acid rain-prone regions. However, the dynamic response characteristics and damage evolution mechanism under such complex coupling remain insufficiently understood. In this study, red sandstone specimens were subjected to W-D cycles in hydrochloric acid solutions with pH values ranging from 2 to 7. Subsequently, static compression tests and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) impact tests were conducted to investigate the evolution of dynamic mechanical properties, energy dissipation characteristics, and fractal features of fragmentation. The results reveal that acidic environments significantly accelerate material degradation compared to neutral conditions. Specifically, after 30 cycles under strong acidic conditions (pH 2), the dynamic compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of red sandstone decreased by 43.87% and 47.88%, respectively, while the peak strain increased by 17.73%, marking a distinct transition from brittle to ductile-like failure. Fractal and energy analyses uncover a critical inverse relationship: although strong acidity leads to finer fragmentation and higher fractal dimensions, the energy dissipation density decreases by up to 30.77%. This implies that the chemically weakened skeleton requires significantly less energy to rupture. This degradation mechanism is fundamentally attributed to the dissolution of calcite in the mineral composition, which compromises the structural integrity of the rock. The findings provide experimental evidence for evaluating the dynamic safety of rock masses subjected to acidic environments.