<p>To investigate the mechanical behavior and permeability characteristics of gas-containing natural coal-rock combinations under loading conditions, conventional triaxial loading-damage-seepage tests were conducted under different confining pressures. A comparative analysis was conducted on the strength and seepage evolution processes of gas-containing coal samples, natural coal-rock combinations, and artificial coal-rock combinations. The results indicate that both types of coal-rock combinations exhibit stress-strain evolution patterns similar to those of the coal samples. The compressive strength results of the test samples are as follows: artificial coal-rock combinations &gt; natural coal-rock combinations &gt; coal samples. Due to the more pronounced inhibitory effect of the natural interface structure on the radial deformation between coal and rock, the natural coal-rock combinations exhibited smaller radial deformation during the testing process. With the increase in load, the permeability of the coal samples exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. In the elastic stage, the permeability of both two combinations declined. However, due to the influence of the permeability of the rock component, the overall axial permeability of each combination exhibited relatively minor changes before and after the plastic failure. The evolution of seepage in both composites was successfully explained by seepage theory. The energy evolution analysis of gas-containing coal samples, natural coal-rock combinations, and artificial coal-rock combinations were conducted, and a damage constitutive model for the coal-rock combinations were established based on the characteristics of energy dissipation. The constructed damage variable effectively characterizes the damage evolution, and the stress-strain evolution process of coal-rock combinations could be described by the proposed constitutive model.</p>