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<p>Reservoir rock typing plays an important role in predicting fluid flow behavior and reservoir management decisions. However, conventional classification techniques, based on static petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability may not fully reflect the dynamic nature of multiphase flow processes. This study presents the Flow Functions Rock Typing (FFRT) approach, which classifies rock samples based on dynamic flow characteristics derived from co-current spontaneous imbibition experiments, with emphasis on capillary pressure and relative permeability functions. Using ten carbonate core samples, spontaneous imbibition experiments were conducted and history-matched with numerical simulations implemented in COMSOL to extract the corresponding flow functions. The FFRT method successfully identified three distinct rock types (FFRT1 to FFRT3), each corresponding to unique two-phase flow behaviors. Across the identified FFRT classes, systematic trends are observed, whereby samples with higher permeability generally exhibit steeper water relative permeability curves and shifted crossover points, consistent with more favorable water mobility during imbibition. Correspondingly, the capillary pressure curves display decreasing entry pressures and less steep slopes for higher-permeability samples, reflecting differences in pore-scale characteristics within the studied rocks. Moreover, analysis of the imbibition responses suggests the presence of different dominant flow regimes, namely inertial, capillary, and gravity-influenced. Overall, the results demonstrate that FFRT provides a conceptually clear, physics-guided framework for exploring dynamic flow behavior in core-scale experiments. While demonstrated here on a limited air–water carbonate dataset, the approach offers a basis for further investigation of dynamic rock typing beyond purely static petrophysical classifications.</p>

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Flow function-based rock typing via co-current spontaneous imbibition: Experimental and numerical insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Zahed Adak,
  • Abbas Shahrabadi,
  • Mohammad Hossein Ghazanfari

摘要

Reservoir rock typing plays an important role in predicting fluid flow behavior and reservoir management decisions. However, conventional classification techniques, based on static petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability may not fully reflect the dynamic nature of multiphase flow processes. This study presents the Flow Functions Rock Typing (FFRT) approach, which classifies rock samples based on dynamic flow characteristics derived from co-current spontaneous imbibition experiments, with emphasis on capillary pressure and relative permeability functions. Using ten carbonate core samples, spontaneous imbibition experiments were conducted and history-matched with numerical simulations implemented in COMSOL to extract the corresponding flow functions. The FFRT method successfully identified three distinct rock types (FFRT1 to FFRT3), each corresponding to unique two-phase flow behaviors. Across the identified FFRT classes, systematic trends are observed, whereby samples with higher permeability generally exhibit steeper water relative permeability curves and shifted crossover points, consistent with more favorable water mobility during imbibition. Correspondingly, the capillary pressure curves display decreasing entry pressures and less steep slopes for higher-permeability samples, reflecting differences in pore-scale characteristics within the studied rocks. Moreover, analysis of the imbibition responses suggests the presence of different dominant flow regimes, namely inertial, capillary, and gravity-influenced. Overall, the results demonstrate that FFRT provides a conceptually clear, physics-guided framework for exploring dynamic flow behavior in core-scale experiments. While demonstrated here on a limited air–water carbonate dataset, the approach offers a basis for further investigation of dynamic rock typing beyond purely static petrophysical classifications.