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<p>Landslide-damming events, occurred frequently in Southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, often can be served as valuable geological records for reconstructing tectonic activities and understanding river evolution processes. The Ninglang paleo-landslide, situated on a branch fault of the Chenghai Fault Zone in Ninglang County of China, exemplifies such phenomena. This study combined field investigations, UAV photogrammetry and dating methods to analyze the characteristics, formation mechanism and evolutionary process of this landslide damming event. The results show that the Ninglang paleo-landslide with an estimated volume of 3.7 × 10⁷ m<sup>3</sup> was triggered by seismic activity. The landslide formed one about 70&#xa0;m high dam to create a dammed lake with a covered area of approximately 2.84 × 10⁶ m<sup>2</sup>, significantly changing the local geomorphology. According to the dating results, the dammed lake could be formed from at least ~ 33.1&#xa0;ka BP and breached at about 0.05&#xa0;ka BP, which indicated that the dam kept over 33&#xa0;ka. The failure mechanism is attributed to a branch of the Chenghai Fault, which crossed the landslide area. Fault movement created a weak structural zone within the dam body, which became a preferential flow path for water. This concentrated erosion initiated piping, a process that was accelerated by the warm and humid conditions of the Holocene Climate Optimum, ultimately leading to the dam's breach. The findings in this study provide valuable insights for similar landslides and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of landslide-induced landscape evolution of river catchments.</p>

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Formation mechanism of the Ninglang paleo-landslide at the northern segment of the Chenghai Fault Zone, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Ruidong Liu,
  • Hao Ji,
  • Chunru Liu,
  • Gongming Yin,
  • Xingshuo Xu,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Siyuan Ma,
  • Renmao Yuan,
  • Pinggen Zhou

摘要

Landslide-damming events, occurred frequently in Southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, often can be served as valuable geological records for reconstructing tectonic activities and understanding river evolution processes. The Ninglang paleo-landslide, situated on a branch fault of the Chenghai Fault Zone in Ninglang County of China, exemplifies such phenomena. This study combined field investigations, UAV photogrammetry and dating methods to analyze the characteristics, formation mechanism and evolutionary process of this landslide damming event. The results show that the Ninglang paleo-landslide with an estimated volume of 3.7 × 10⁷ m3 was triggered by seismic activity. The landslide formed one about 70 m high dam to create a dammed lake with a covered area of approximately 2.84 × 10⁶ m2, significantly changing the local geomorphology. According to the dating results, the dammed lake could be formed from at least ~ 33.1 ka BP and breached at about 0.05 ka BP, which indicated that the dam kept over 33 ka. The failure mechanism is attributed to a branch of the Chenghai Fault, which crossed the landslide area. Fault movement created a weak structural zone within the dam body, which became a preferential flow path for water. This concentrated erosion initiated piping, a process that was accelerated by the warm and humid conditions of the Holocene Climate Optimum, ultimately leading to the dam's breach. The findings in this study provide valuable insights for similar landslides and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of landslide-induced landscape evolution of river catchments.