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<p>The three-bench method is extensively applied in deeply buried soft rock tunnel construction. Its multiple construction steps cause significant spatial and temporal effects on surrounding rock stress evolution, which brings challenges for tunnel excavation and support design. This study monitors stress evolution of Muzhailing highway tunnel via the Rheological Stress Recovery method, conducts creep-based numerical simulation for entire excavation process, and compares results using the Stress Disturbance Index (<i>SDI</i>) analysis method. The results reveal: (1) Stress disturbance starts when the upper bench is 8&#xa0;m from the monitoring cross-section and stabilizes post invert arch lining. (2) The range of the stress disturbance zone is 2.5 times the tunnel radius R<sub>0</sub> (R<sub>0</sub> = 6.48 m), with stress states varying by depth—<i>σ</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> &gt; <i>σ</i><sub><i>y</i></sub> &gt; <i>σ</i><sub><i>x</i></sub> at depths &lt; 0.3 R<sub>0</sub>, <i>σ</i><sub><i>y</i></sub> &gt; <i>σ</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> &gt; <i>σ</i><sub><i>x</i></sub> at depths of 0.3–1 R<sub>0</sub>, and <i>σ</i><sub><i>y</i></sub> &gt; <i>σ</i><sub><i>x</i></sub> &gt; <i>σ</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> at depths &gt; 1 R<sub>0</sub>. (3) Overall, <i>σ</i><sub><i>x</i></sub> exhibits a decreasing trend with the excavation progression, while <i>σ</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> exhibits an increasing trend. The peak values of <i>σ</i><sub><i>x</i></sub>, <i>σ</i><sub><i>y</i></sub>, <i>σ</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> are 16.74&#xa0;MPa, 17.02&#xa0;MPa, and 16.55&#xa0;MPa, respectively. (4) Middle bench and left lower bench excavations induce significant stress variation amplitudes and stress average variation rates. (5) Through the <i>SDI</i> analysis method, the monitoring and simulation results exhibit good consistency in evolutionary patterns.</p>

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Study on the evolution law of disturbed stress in soft rock tunnel constructed by three-bench method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Yuanguang Zhu,
  • Haoyuan Xue,
  • Bin Liu,
  • Xuewei Liu,
  • Xuanyao Wang

摘要

The three-bench method is extensively applied in deeply buried soft rock tunnel construction. Its multiple construction steps cause significant spatial and temporal effects on surrounding rock stress evolution, which brings challenges for tunnel excavation and support design. This study monitors stress evolution of Muzhailing highway tunnel via the Rheological Stress Recovery method, conducts creep-based numerical simulation for entire excavation process, and compares results using the Stress Disturbance Index (SDI) analysis method. The results reveal: (1) Stress disturbance starts when the upper bench is 8 m from the monitoring cross-section and stabilizes post invert arch lining. (2) The range of the stress disturbance zone is 2.5 times the tunnel radius R0 (R0 = 6.48 m), with stress states varying by depth—σz > σy > σx at depths < 0.3 R0, σy > σz > σx at depths of 0.3–1 R0, and σy > σx > σz at depths > 1 R0. (3) Overall, σx exhibits a decreasing trend with the excavation progression, while σz exhibits an increasing trend. The peak values of σx, σy, σz are 16.74 MPa, 17.02 MPa, and 16.55 MPa, respectively. (4) Middle bench and left lower bench excavations induce significant stress variation amplitudes and stress average variation rates. (5) Through the SDI analysis method, the monitoring and simulation results exhibit good consistency in evolutionary patterns.