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<p>The mechanical effects of plant root systems are crucial to soil reinforcement and vegetated slopes stability. However, the direct use of natural roots in geotechnical experimentation is often limited by their structural complexity, variability, and preservation challenges. This study presents a photogrammetry-based approach for the accurate reconstruction of a Moso bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) root system and its replication using light-curing 3D printing technology. Dimensional precision of models was assessed through statistical comparison of feature sizes. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) between the reconstructed model and the actual root system was 0.312&#xa0;mm, while the RMSE between the printed model and the real root system was 0.824&#xa0;mm, indicating high geometric fidelity. To further improve the mechanical properties of the printed model, ABS-like photosensitive resin was selected as an candidate material, and tensile tests were performed on samples with varying diameters and printing angles. The results demonstrate that the printed material exhibits mechanical properties similar to those of natural roots within a diameter range of 0–5&#xa0;mm, particularly for fine roots. Furthermore, large direct shear tests (large DSTs) were performed on 3D-printed root–soil composites to assess the practical reinforcement behavior of the printed root system. Compared with fallow soil, the rooted samples exhibited significantly higher shear strength and a gradual stress–displacement response, reflecting reproducible reinforcement effect similar to natural root systems.</p>

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Photogrammetric 3D reconstruction and 3D printing of a Moso Bamboo root system for geotechnical testing and soil reinforcement analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Hao Wang,
  • Junbin He,
  • Hongqiang Dou,
  • Chaoxu Guo,
  • Wenbin Jian

摘要

The mechanical effects of plant root systems are crucial to soil reinforcement and vegetated slopes stability. However, the direct use of natural roots in geotechnical experimentation is often limited by their structural complexity, variability, and preservation challenges. This study presents a photogrammetry-based approach for the accurate reconstruction of a Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) root system and its replication using light-curing 3D printing technology. Dimensional precision of models was assessed through statistical comparison of feature sizes. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) between the reconstructed model and the actual root system was 0.312 mm, while the RMSE between the printed model and the real root system was 0.824 mm, indicating high geometric fidelity. To further improve the mechanical properties of the printed model, ABS-like photosensitive resin was selected as an candidate material, and tensile tests were performed on samples with varying diameters and printing angles. The results demonstrate that the printed material exhibits mechanical properties similar to those of natural roots within a diameter range of 0–5 mm, particularly for fine roots. Furthermore, large direct shear tests (large DSTs) were performed on 3D-printed root–soil composites to assess the practical reinforcement behavior of the printed root system. Compared with fallow soil, the rooted samples exhibited significantly higher shear strength and a gradual stress–displacement response, reflecting reproducible reinforcement effect similar to natural root systems.