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<p>Large paleolandslides in mountainous regions frequently resulted in river blockages, forming dammed-lakes and subsequently outburst floods. Regional landscape evolution and paleoclimatic or neotectonic conditions can be inferred from the remnants of paleolandslides, paleolake shorelines and lacustrine sediments. The paper, through field surveys, satellite imagery interpretation and lacustrine sediment dating, examines these Quaternary landforms along the midstream Tashkurgan river, Chinese Pamir. We identify three large paleolandslides - Xiabandi, Hamletti and Spillway Outlet – that sequentially dammed the river near the current Xiabandi hydro-project dam at approximately 22–26, 12.5 and 6.5&#xa0;ka BP, respectively. The Xiabandi paleolandslide created an upper paleolake shoreline (3100&#xa0;m asl) and thick lacustrine sediments, while the Spillway Outlet paleolandslide formed a lower paleolake shoreline (3030&#xa0;m asl). Lacustrine sediments at the Tashman and Xindi sections contain diverse soft-sediment deformation structures of seismic origin, such as sand dykes, ball-and-pillows, slumps, convolutions and graded faults. These deformation structures, together with paleolandslides, indicate high paleoseismicity in the Tashkurgan region. The older Xiabandi paleolandslide was likely triggered by activity of the Karakax fault, whereas the younger Hamletti and Spillway Outlet paleolandslides were likely associated with activity of the Muztag fault. Our findings provide critical constraints for the seismic and landslide risk assessment of the midstream Tashkurgan river, particularly for the safety of the Xiabandi hydro-project.</p>

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Paleolandslides, paleoshorelines and lacustrine sediment deformation structures in the midstream Tashkurgan River, Chinese Pamir and implications on regional seismic risk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Liao Liye,
  • Zeng Qingli,
  • Du Linlin,
  • Du Changhong,
  • Chen Xuan,
  • Shang Yanjun,
  • Zhou Yuanze

摘要

Large paleolandslides in mountainous regions frequently resulted in river blockages, forming dammed-lakes and subsequently outburst floods. Regional landscape evolution and paleoclimatic or neotectonic conditions can be inferred from the remnants of paleolandslides, paleolake shorelines and lacustrine sediments. The paper, through field surveys, satellite imagery interpretation and lacustrine sediment dating, examines these Quaternary landforms along the midstream Tashkurgan river, Chinese Pamir. We identify three large paleolandslides - Xiabandi, Hamletti and Spillway Outlet – that sequentially dammed the river near the current Xiabandi hydro-project dam at approximately 22–26, 12.5 and 6.5 ka BP, respectively. The Xiabandi paleolandslide created an upper paleolake shoreline (3100 m asl) and thick lacustrine sediments, while the Spillway Outlet paleolandslide formed a lower paleolake shoreline (3030 m asl). Lacustrine sediments at the Tashman and Xindi sections contain diverse soft-sediment deformation structures of seismic origin, such as sand dykes, ball-and-pillows, slumps, convolutions and graded faults. These deformation structures, together with paleolandslides, indicate high paleoseismicity in the Tashkurgan region. The older Xiabandi paleolandslide was likely triggered by activity of the Karakax fault, whereas the younger Hamletti and Spillway Outlet paleolandslides were likely associated with activity of the Muztag fault. Our findings provide critical constraints for the seismic and landslide risk assessment of the midstream Tashkurgan river, particularly for the safety of the Xiabandi hydro-project.