<p>Dynamic load increases the complexity of mechanical properties of frozen soil-filled joints in rock masses. Cylindrical sandstone specimens containing an inclined joint filled with frozen soil under different freezing temperature (–7 ~ − 25 ℃) were prepared and dynamic compression–shear tests were conducted on them using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system to explore the characteristics of failure, deformation, strength, and energy dissipation. The fracture modes of the frozen soil primarily exhibit shear fracture and tensile fracture, which are mainly controlled by the joint inclination angle. When the inclination angle exceeds 45°, it becomes easier to form a tensile fracture. The deformation and failure process can be divided into compaction stage, elastic stage, yielding stage, and failure stage. The dynamic elastic modulus and peak stress increase with decreasing freezing temperature, but the increase rate decreases gradually. During the dynamic impact process, the growth of incident energy, reflected energy, and dissipated energy starts slowly, then rapidly increases, and eventually stabilizes, while the change in transmitted energy is minimal. Overall, the energy dissipation decreases with decreasing freezing temperature. The dynamic compression–shear strength data can be fitted using the Drucker–Prager criterion, with the internal friction angle and cohesion significantly increasing with decreasing freezing temperature. The Drucker–Prager strength criterion for frozen soil-filled joints under dynamic compression–shear loading was established considering the effect of freezing temperature.</p>