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<p>Grain-based model (GBM) effectively represents the mineral composition and grain distribution present in natural rock, making it widely used for simulating cracking in crystalline rocks. This study introduces an improved GBM (IGBM) based on the principles of grain seeding, growth, and merging, which allows for the alteration of mineral grain orientation and shape that the conventional GBM can not offer. The microscopic parameters of the IGBM are calibrated based on laboratory test results. Subsequently, 99 models are generated by varying particle size, grain aspect ratio, and grain orientation to investigate the effects of particle size and fabric on the mechanical behavior of crystalline rocks. The study reveals that when the direction of maximum shear stress (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) aligns closely with the grain boundary orientation, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the sample is at its lowest. In contrast, the rock’s strength increases when the grain orientation deviates from the direction of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Additionally, as particle size decreases, both UCS and Young’s modulus increase correspondingly. The tensile strength is barely affected by the particle size. When the grain-to-particle size ratio exceeds a critical threshold of approximately 8, the normalized UCS of the model stabilizes. Therefore, for future applications of the grain-based discrete element method in simulating rock cracking, it is advised that the grain-to-particle size ratio be maintained at a minimum of 8 to ensure accurate results. The proposed numerical method and research findings can provide guidance for future refined simulations in rock mechanics.</p>

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Particle size and grain fabric effect on mechanical behavior of crystalline rocks using grain-based DEM

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Zheng Yang,
  • Ming Tao,
  • Qusi I. Alqawasmeh,
  • Hao Luo,
  • P. G. Ranjith

摘要

Grain-based model (GBM) effectively represents the mineral composition and grain distribution present in natural rock, making it widely used for simulating cracking in crystalline rocks. This study introduces an improved GBM (IGBM) based on the principles of grain seeding, growth, and merging, which allows for the alteration of mineral grain orientation and shape that the conventional GBM can not offer. The microscopic parameters of the IGBM are calibrated based on laboratory test results. Subsequently, 99 models are generated by varying particle size, grain aspect ratio, and grain orientation to investigate the effects of particle size and fabric on the mechanical behavior of crystalline rocks. The study reveals that when the direction of maximum shear stress ( \(\tau_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\) ) aligns closely with the grain boundary orientation, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the sample is at its lowest. In contrast, the rock’s strength increases when the grain orientation deviates from the direction of \(\tau_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\) . Additionally, as particle size decreases, both UCS and Young’s modulus increase correspondingly. The tensile strength is barely affected by the particle size. When the grain-to-particle size ratio exceeds a critical threshold of approximately 8, the normalized UCS of the model stabilizes. Therefore, for future applications of the grain-based discrete element method in simulating rock cracking, it is advised that the grain-to-particle size ratio be maintained at a minimum of 8 to ensure accurate results. The proposed numerical method and research findings can provide guidance for future refined simulations in rock mechanics.