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<p>This study examines the enhancement of loose sandy soil through a combined application of vetiver grass reinforcement and microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), highlighting its potential applications in engineering geology. Loose sand collected from central Thailand was treated with different proportions of vetiver roots and MICP to evaluate both the independent and interactive effects on shear strength and soil microstructure. Results from direct shear tests showed that the specimen incorporating four vetiver plants with MICP treatment (SV4B) exhibited the highest shear strength values of 30.72, 40.55, and 56.02&#xa0;kPa under normal stresses of 20, 40, and 80&#xa0;kPa, respectively—an increase of up to 85.6% compared with untreated sand. The corresponding cohesion rose from 2.7&#xa0;kPa in the untreated condition to 23&#xa0;kPa in SV4B. Microscopic observations confirmed that SV4B developed a dense and uniform distribution of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), which effectively filled voids, bonded sand particles, and reduced porosity. The CaCO₃ content reached 41.2% by weight, indicating strong bio-cementation. These mechanical and microstructural improvements demonstrate the synergistic action between biological root reinforcement and bacterial calcite precipitation. The combined approach provides a sustainable and low-carbon alternative to conventional cement-based stabilization, offering practical benefits for slope protection, riverbank reinforcement, and coastal embankment stabilization. Future investigations should focus on the durability and field-scale performance of this bio-mediated technique under variable hydrological and environmental conditions.</p>

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Shear strength and microstructural characteristics of loose sandy soil reinforced with vetiver grass roots and improved by microbially induced calcite precipitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Marupatch Jamnongwong,
  • Thanakorn Chompoorat,
  • Suched Likitlersuang,
  • Pornkasem Jongpradist,
  • Rattiya Chaiyara,
  • Pitthaya Jamsawang

摘要

This study examines the enhancement of loose sandy soil through a combined application of vetiver grass reinforcement and microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), highlighting its potential applications in engineering geology. Loose sand collected from central Thailand was treated with different proportions of vetiver roots and MICP to evaluate both the independent and interactive effects on shear strength and soil microstructure. Results from direct shear tests showed that the specimen incorporating four vetiver plants with MICP treatment (SV4B) exhibited the highest shear strength values of 30.72, 40.55, and 56.02 kPa under normal stresses of 20, 40, and 80 kPa, respectively—an increase of up to 85.6% compared with untreated sand. The corresponding cohesion rose from 2.7 kPa in the untreated condition to 23 kPa in SV4B. Microscopic observations confirmed that SV4B developed a dense and uniform distribution of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), which effectively filled voids, bonded sand particles, and reduced porosity. The CaCO₃ content reached 41.2% by weight, indicating strong bio-cementation. These mechanical and microstructural improvements demonstrate the synergistic action between biological root reinforcement and bacterial calcite precipitation. The combined approach provides a sustainable and low-carbon alternative to conventional cement-based stabilization, offering practical benefits for slope protection, riverbank reinforcement, and coastal embankment stabilization. Future investigations should focus on the durability and field-scale performance of this bio-mediated technique under variable hydrological and environmental conditions.