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<p>A stability analysis of tunnel roof in unsaturated soils subjected to steady infiltration is carried out based on the upper bound limit analysis. By incorporating the apparent cohesion induced by matric suction, a modified Mohr-Coulomb (MC) strength criterion with tension cut-off (TC) is employed to establish a failure mechanism for deeply buried rectangular tunnel roofs under steady infiltration. The expressions of stability number and critical supporting pressure are derived from the energy balance equations to evaluate the stability of tunnel roof. The upper-bound optimal solutions for the stability measures are calculated through optimization algorithms. This study examines the effects of various stratigraphic strength parameters, unsaturated steady infiltrations, and hysteresis effects on tunnel roof stability, and developed potential tunnel roof collapse profiles under varying conditions. Additionally, stability charts for the required supporting pressure of rectangular tunnel roofs are calculated and plotted. This work provides a theoretical basis for the stability assessment of tunnel roofs under unsaturated steady infiltration.</p>

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Roof stability in flat-ceiling cavities in unsaturated soils under steady infiltrations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Jingshu Xu,
  • Jiahui Deng,
  • Qiankai Ren,
  • Linghao Qi,
  • Xiuli Du

摘要

A stability analysis of tunnel roof in unsaturated soils subjected to steady infiltration is carried out based on the upper bound limit analysis. By incorporating the apparent cohesion induced by matric suction, a modified Mohr-Coulomb (MC) strength criterion with tension cut-off (TC) is employed to establish a failure mechanism for deeply buried rectangular tunnel roofs under steady infiltration. The expressions of stability number and critical supporting pressure are derived from the energy balance equations to evaluate the stability of tunnel roof. The upper-bound optimal solutions for the stability measures are calculated through optimization algorithms. This study examines the effects of various stratigraphic strength parameters, unsaturated steady infiltrations, and hysteresis effects on tunnel roof stability, and developed potential tunnel roof collapse profiles under varying conditions. Additionally, stability charts for the required supporting pressure of rectangular tunnel roofs are calculated and plotted. This work provides a theoretical basis for the stability assessment of tunnel roofs under unsaturated steady infiltration.