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<p>True triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring were conducted on raw shale samples to investigate the damage behavior of induced fracture. By varying the injection rate, the study analyzed the morphology and the propagation process of induced fractures in shale under different burial depth. Based on the fractal characteristics of AE parameters, an induced fracture damage evolution model was developed. Results indicate that the number of shear cracks rose substantially in conjunction with elevated in-situ stress as the injection rate increased. The induced fracture damage evolution demonstrated three growth patterns: S-shaped, concave, and nearly linear. AE energy exhibited self-similarity in the time domain, the fractal dimension showed an evolutionary trend of “decreasing→fluctuating→stable”. The valley value in the fractal dimension signified the major crack initiation, while the stable state indicated the formation of the final crack network as fracture surfaces penetrate. Furthermore, a correlation model linking fractal dimension with injection rate and in-situ stress was established. This research provides an integrated insight into understanding the damage process and predicting the complexity of hydraulic fracture networks.</p>

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An integrated insight into damage behaviors of induced cracks based on fractal characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Han Cao,
  • Peimei Liu,
  • Mingming Zheng,
  • Weiping Tang,
  • Lichang Wang,
  • Habiyakare Erneste

摘要

True triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring were conducted on raw shale samples to investigate the damage behavior of induced fracture. By varying the injection rate, the study analyzed the morphology and the propagation process of induced fractures in shale under different burial depth. Based on the fractal characteristics of AE parameters, an induced fracture damage evolution model was developed. Results indicate that the number of shear cracks rose substantially in conjunction with elevated in-situ stress as the injection rate increased. The induced fracture damage evolution demonstrated three growth patterns: S-shaped, concave, and nearly linear. AE energy exhibited self-similarity in the time domain, the fractal dimension showed an evolutionary trend of “decreasing→fluctuating→stable”. The valley value in the fractal dimension signified the major crack initiation, while the stable state indicated the formation of the final crack network as fracture surfaces penetrate. Furthermore, a correlation model linking fractal dimension with injection rate and in-situ stress was established. This research provides an integrated insight into understanding the damage process and predicting the complexity of hydraulic fracture networks.