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<p>Rainfall is widely recognized as the dominant trigger of red-bed slope failures, yet most previous studies focus on slopes that have already experienced complete collapse. However, relatively few studies have investigated slopes undergoing progressive deformation without full failure, and potential threshold values for rainfall-induced weakening remain poorly constrained. This study analyzes the deformation mechanism of a red-bed highway slope in Niuchang Town, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, China, through field monitoring, laboratory ring shear tests, and time-series comparison of rainfall and displacement. Inclinometer data revealed that displacement was mainly concentrated in the upper 10&#xa0;m, consistent with ring shear test results showing more significant shear strength reduction at lower normal stresses (20–200&#xa0;kPa, equivalent to 1–10&#xa0;m depth). A time-series comparison between rainfall and surface displacement (0.5&#xa0;m) further demonstrated their clear temporal correspondence, confirming rainfall infiltration as the dominant trigger of shallow deformation. Laboratory tests also showed that when water content reached about 30%, a marked drop in shear stress occurred, indicating a potential threshold for rainfall-induced instability. These findings provide quantitative evidence for rainfall-displacement interactions and highlight the critical role of wet-dry cycles in progressive weakening. The results not only improve understanding of red-bed slope instability mechanisms but also offer practical implications for slope stability assessment and drainage design in rainfall-prone regions.</p>

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Deformation mechanism analysis of a complicated red-layer highway slope under the rainfall influence: a case study of the Niuchang slope in Yunnan, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Suran Wang,
  • Jingyi Zhang,
  • Yu Huang,
  • Julia Kowalski,
  • Zhen Guo,
  • Shu Zhou

摘要

Rainfall is widely recognized as the dominant trigger of red-bed slope failures, yet most previous studies focus on slopes that have already experienced complete collapse. However, relatively few studies have investigated slopes undergoing progressive deformation without full failure, and potential threshold values for rainfall-induced weakening remain poorly constrained. This study analyzes the deformation mechanism of a red-bed highway slope in Niuchang Town, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, China, through field monitoring, laboratory ring shear tests, and time-series comparison of rainfall and displacement. Inclinometer data revealed that displacement was mainly concentrated in the upper 10 m, consistent with ring shear test results showing more significant shear strength reduction at lower normal stresses (20–200 kPa, equivalent to 1–10 m depth). A time-series comparison between rainfall and surface displacement (0.5 m) further demonstrated their clear temporal correspondence, confirming rainfall infiltration as the dominant trigger of shallow deformation. Laboratory tests also showed that when water content reached about 30%, a marked drop in shear stress occurred, indicating a potential threshold for rainfall-induced instability. These findings provide quantitative evidence for rainfall-displacement interactions and highlight the critical role of wet-dry cycles in progressive weakening. The results not only improve understanding of red-bed slope instability mechanisms but also offer practical implications for slope stability assessment and drainage design in rainfall-prone regions.