<p>Rocks subjected to cyclic freeze–thaw (F–T) conditions are characterized by pore structure alteration and mineral particle translocation, with resulting crack initiation and fracture propagation causing landslides or rock falls in cold regions. Therefore, determining the degradation of rocks involved in cold engineering environments subjected to constant freezing and thawing is important. In this study, the selected six sandstone specimens under saturated conditions were exposed to 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70&#xa0;F–T cycles with a duration of 8&#xa0;h per cycle, followed by the capturing of pores and internal defects using X-ray computed tomography (CT). The radiomics features of the region of interest were extracted from each CT slice using Python scripts. A damage probability model of the freeze–thawed sandstone was developed by considering the selected radiomics features, uniaxial compression strength, and pore structure change characteristics. The results demonstrated that the damage index, which represents the damage degree of the sandstone, increased exponentially with the increasing number of F–T cycles. The associated rate of increase in the connected porosity was lower than that of the total porosity. In addition, the failure patterns of the sandstone samples subjected to uniaxial loading tests were also influenced by the F–T conditions and were quantitatively characterized by fractal dimension, which were consistent with the changes in the damage index. These results provide a reference for the application of radiomics and insights into the role of radiomics features in the quantitative evaluation of damage and prediction of the deterioration of rocks in cold regions.</p>