Space-air-ground-interior integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures: A case study in the Heifangtai terrace, Northwest China
摘要
As an important landslide precursor, the identification of landslide fissures has received increasing attention. In this study, comprehensive remote sensing, ground survey methods and integrated geophysical methods were integrated to propose a “space-air-ground-interior” integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures from regional to individual scales. Moreover, a demonstration study was conducted in Heifangtai Terrace, which is known as the laboratory of loess landslides. First, combining the visual interpretation of optical images and time-series InSAR technology from the satellite platform, fissure development and retrogressive failure behavior of landslide in the Moshi gully section were identified as the most significant. In addition, the ground differential subsidence gradient in this section indicated active landslide behavior. Then, unmanned aerial vehicle platform equipped with optical, LiDAR, and infrared thermal imaging sensors provided three-dimensional quantitative indices of the landslide fissures. For specific individual landslides, the spatial distributions of individual landslide fissures and the corresponding quantitative indices were checked and cataloged via ground surveys. Finally, electrical resistivity tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves further revealed internal fissures and stratigraphic discontinuities within individual landslides. Based on the Heifangtai Terrace multiperiod landslide fissure cataloging database constructed with the proposed integrated mapping framework, the spatial‒temporal evolution patterns between loess landslides and fissure development, as well as the signs of landslide precursors, were clarified. The demonstration study shows that the integrated framework for mapping loess landslide fissures with multiplatform and multisource data can offer empirical guidance for early detection and monitoring systems for potential catastrophic landslides.