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<p>Evidence of rockslide-induced air blasts has been documented in numerous investigation records, showing similar terrain features. Terrains and rock structures combine to influence rock runout, yet their effects on the generation and propagation of air blasts remain poorly understood. We proposed a generalized model to account for the influence of rock structure and terrain. The generation and propagation of air blasts under different conditions are quantitatively analyzed using the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that (1) The precondition for inducing air blasts is that rockslides maintain high runout speed with large front-cross sections, impacting mountains and causing significant fragmentations. (2) Representing the source rock mass as unbonded particles underestimates the influence range of air blasts; Structural planes parallel to the sliding surface enhance rockslide spreading and facilitate the further propagation of air blasts. (3) Steep slopes and scarps significantly increase the energy released during rock impact, leading to a peak air blast pressure increase of 603.3% and 79.8%, respectively, compared to gentle slopes. Winding and narrow valley terrain restricts the escape of air, making it easier for high-speed air blasts to form.</p>

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Contributions of rock structure and terrain to rockslide/rockfall-induced air blast: insights from 3D CFD-DEM analyses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月17日

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  • Zhiyuan Zhu,
  • Yihan Wu,
  • Yuzhang Bi,
  • Lu Zheng

摘要

Evidence of rockslide-induced air blasts has been documented in numerous investigation records, showing similar terrain features. Terrains and rock structures combine to influence rock runout, yet their effects on the generation and propagation of air blasts remain poorly understood. We proposed a generalized model to account for the influence of rock structure and terrain. The generation and propagation of air blasts under different conditions are quantitatively analyzed using the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that (1) The precondition for inducing air blasts is that rockslides maintain high runout speed with large front-cross sections, impacting mountains and causing significant fragmentations. (2) Representing the source rock mass as unbonded particles underestimates the influence range of air blasts; Structural planes parallel to the sliding surface enhance rockslide spreading and facilitate the further propagation of air blasts. (3) Steep slopes and scarps significantly increase the energy released during rock impact, leading to a peak air blast pressure increase of 603.3% and 79.8%, respectively, compared to gentle slopes. Winding and narrow valley terrain restricts the escape of air, making it easier for high-speed air blasts to form.