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<p>Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the long-term safety performance of salt caverns utilized for geological storage of hydrogen, natural gas, oil, and other energy resources. The high impurity content in salt rock derived from lacustrine deposits in China hampers a comprehensive understanding of the microscopic mechanical behavior and creep mechanisms in impure salt rock. Nanoindentation tests on salt rock were performed at varying temperatures, along with uniaxial compression, uniaxial and triaxial creep tests at the core scale. The Gaussian mixture model and convolution integral methods were employed to quantify the Young's modulus, hardness, and volume fraction of each mineral component. The traditional upgrading method upgrades the Young's modulus at nanoscale to macroscale at different temperatures, but the results are quite different from the uniaxial results. An improved dilute method was introduced, considering high-temperature effects and enhancing the calculation accuracy of Young's modulus. This work further demonstrates creep behaviors exhibited by different minerals in impure salt rock. With temperature increasing from <i>T</i> = 25℃ to 160℃, both the patterns and magnitudes of creep displacement vary notably among minerals. Specifically, as the temperature increases, ankerite mineral exhibits enhanced creep performance, while gypsum mineral’s creep performance markedly declines. The fractional-order creep constitutive model can well characterize creep deformation at both the nanoscale and macroscale across different temperatures. Additionally, an improved creep parameter upscaling method was developed, incorporating temperature effects to enhance the calculation accuracy of creep modulus.</p>

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Temperature effects on the micro-to-macro mechanical and creep properties of impurity salt rock

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Chengxing Zhao,
  • Cheng Lyu,
  • Mingfeng Yang,
  • Yunhui Zhang,
  • Ping Zhou

摘要

Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the long-term safety performance of salt caverns utilized for geological storage of hydrogen, natural gas, oil, and other energy resources. The high impurity content in salt rock derived from lacustrine deposits in China hampers a comprehensive understanding of the microscopic mechanical behavior and creep mechanisms in impure salt rock. Nanoindentation tests on salt rock were performed at varying temperatures, along with uniaxial compression, uniaxial and triaxial creep tests at the core scale. The Gaussian mixture model and convolution integral methods were employed to quantify the Young's modulus, hardness, and volume fraction of each mineral component. The traditional upgrading method upgrades the Young's modulus at nanoscale to macroscale at different temperatures, but the results are quite different from the uniaxial results. An improved dilute method was introduced, considering high-temperature effects and enhancing the calculation accuracy of Young's modulus. This work further demonstrates creep behaviors exhibited by different minerals in impure salt rock. With temperature increasing from T = 25℃ to 160℃, both the patterns and magnitudes of creep displacement vary notably among minerals. Specifically, as the temperature increases, ankerite mineral exhibits enhanced creep performance, while gypsum mineral’s creep performance markedly declines. The fractional-order creep constitutive model can well characterize creep deformation at both the nanoscale and macroscale across different temperatures. Additionally, an improved creep parameter upscaling method was developed, incorporating temperature effects to enhance the calculation accuracy of creep modulus.