<p>The dam failure of natural landslide dams is a hot research topic at present, and its foundation focuses on the assessment of the stability of natural landslide dams. However, due to the special formation process of the dam body, the heterogeneous composition of materials, the complexity of the internal structure and the different external morphology of the dam body, which leads to the big difference with the artificial earth-rock dams that are more studied at present, there is still a lack of high-precision rapid stability evaluation methods. Based on a comprehensive review of the global research progress on the formation conditions, stability analyses and dam failure mechanisms of landslide dams, a large-scale database containing 1561 cases of landslide dams around the world was established through literature search and case compilation. Furthermore, three composite indicators, namely, dam shape coefficient, lake surface shape coefficient, dam anti-breach coefficient, were constructed as the evaluation factors of landslide dam stability, and a natural landslide dam stability discrimination model (<i>L</i>_s(LVA)) was constructed based on 114 screened cases and the traditional binary logistic regression method, with a comprehensive accuracy of the model up to 86.84%. The research results can provide a complete set of technical ideas for analysing and predicting the stability of landslide dams.</p>