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<p>Calculating rockslide movement and deposit characteristics is challenging due to the complex interactions of various physical factors. This study investigates the effects of rockslide volume, slope angle, and material strength on fragmentation and deposit patterns through laboratory experiments using homogeneous and non-homogeneous specimens. Specimens were tested on sloping chutes at angles of 41.5°, 45.1° and 48.6°. Results showed that increasing the chute angle led to a reduction in specimen completeness. Specifically, as the chute angle increased from 41.5° to 45.1°, the completeness for specimens with heights of 5&#xa0;cm, 10&#xa0;cm, and 15&#xa0;cm decreased by approximately 29.6%, 7.4%, and 32.8%, respectively, with the largest specimen showing the most significant reduction. For non-homogeneous specimens, strength differences between the upper and lower layers significantly influenced fragmentation; a lower-strength bottom layer resulted in increased fragmentation and longer leading-edge distances. A dimensionless parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10064_2024_4053_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Psi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, defined as the ratio of the largest fragment’s travel distance to the farthest debris, to quantify the relationship between fragment travel distance and flow mobility in rockslides. The results demonstrated a positive linear correlation between <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10064_2024_4053_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Psi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and specimen completeness. Greater completeness is associated with larger fragment travel distances. Additionally, a logarithmic correlation was found between <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10064_2024_4053_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Psi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the apparent friction coefficient, reinforcing the relationship between fragmentation behavior and the potential risk of rockslide events. These findings offer predictive models for assessing rockslide risks based on slope angle, rockslide volume, and apparent friction coefficient.</p>

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Experimental investigation on impact fragmentation and deposit characteristics of rockslides

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月2日

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  • Ming-wei Ma,
  • Jia-wen Zhou,
  • Xing-guo Yang,
  • Yi-hui Liang,
  • Tao Yang,
  • Hai-mei Liao

摘要

Calculating rockslide movement and deposit characteristics is challenging due to the complex interactions of various physical factors. This study investigates the effects of rockslide volume, slope angle, and material strength on fragmentation and deposit patterns through laboratory experiments using homogeneous and non-homogeneous specimens. Specimens were tested on sloping chutes at angles of 41.5°, 45.1° and 48.6°. Results showed that increasing the chute angle led to a reduction in specimen completeness. Specifically, as the chute angle increased from 41.5° to 45.1°, the completeness for specimens with heights of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm decreased by approximately 29.6%, 7.4%, and 32.8%, respectively, with the largest specimen showing the most significant reduction. For non-homogeneous specimens, strength differences between the upper and lower layers significantly influenced fragmentation; a lower-strength bottom layer resulted in increased fragmentation and longer leading-edge distances. A dimensionless parameter \(\Psi\) Ψ , defined as the ratio of the largest fragment’s travel distance to the farthest debris, to quantify the relationship between fragment travel distance and flow mobility in rockslides. The results demonstrated a positive linear correlation between \(\Psi\) Ψ and specimen completeness. Greater completeness is associated with larger fragment travel distances. Additionally, a logarithmic correlation was found between \(\Psi\) Ψ and the apparent friction coefficient, reinforcing the relationship between fragmentation behavior and the potential risk of rockslide events. These findings offer predictive models for assessing rockslide risks based on slope angle, rockslide volume, and apparent friction coefficient.