A study of rock mass properties based on discrete fracture network modeling and compression damage process

Rock masses are inherently complex media, composed of intact rocks and fractures, and their mechanical behavior and deformation characteristics are significantly influenced by the characteristics and development of fractures. In this study, a discrete fracture network (DFN) model was constructed based on comprehensive field surveys and meticulous laboratory tests. By utilizing the finite-discrete element method (FDEM), we conducted simulated compression tests on the rock mass in the cavern area of the GS hydropower station. The expansion patterns and stress–strain characteristics of fractures during compression were meticulously analyzed, allowing the rock mass failure process to be categorized into four distinct stages. Furthermore, the properties of the rock mass were calculated and validated against empirical formulas derived from established engineering rock mass classification systems. The findings revealed that the DFN model accurately captures the impact of fracture development on the deformation modulus of rock masses. The orientation of fractures was found to significantly influence the mechanical properties of the rock mass, and the patterns of fracture expansion and connectivity emerged as crucial factors affecting rock properties. This methodology allows for a more accurate calculation of the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass, providing reliable parameters for engineering design.