Research on accelerated testing method and surface three-dimensional morphological characteristic evolution of limestone under acid rain environment

Affected by air pollution, acid rain frequently occurs in many places of the world, and many large limestone caves and stone carvings are seriously damaged by acid rain. In order to quantitatively study the evolution law of three-dimensional morphology of limestone surface after corrosion in acid environment, two kinds of acid solutions with different pH values were used to soak limestone samples to simulate the corrosion of acid rain on limestone carvings. The results show that (1) the variation of surface height characteristic parameters and surface texture parameters with soaking time can be well fitted by exponential function; (2) the minerals contained in limestone are gradually corroded by acid rain to generate \({\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}\) ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ , \({\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}\) ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ plasma, and the change trend of the concentration with immersion time can also be well fitted by exponential function, establishing the evolution process of ion concentration under acid solution immersion; (3) the widely used roughness coefficient JRC was used as a comparative parameter to obtain the equivalent conversion relationship between high concentration acidic solution and normal acid rain corrosion time. The relevant research methods and results can provide a good reference for the study and protection of the surface morphology corrosion of stone cultural relics under long-term simulated acid rain in the laboratory.