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<p>The Apple Vision Pro (AVP) represents a shift in mixed reality (MR) interaction by eliminating controllers in favor of gaze- and gesture-based input. However, limited information is available about the AVP eye-tracking specifications because raw gaze data are inaccessible to developers. This study evaluates the eye-tracking accuracy of the AVP using two testing pipelines across MR and virtual reality (VR) environments. This study also examines the relationship between eye-tracking accuracy and user-perceived usability. The tests revealed an overall eye-tracking accuracy of 0.45°–1.06° across the two pipelines, within a field of view (FOV) of approximately 34° × 18°. The usability and learnability scores of the AVP, measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS), were 76.05 and 69.30, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was observed between eye-tracking accuracy and usability scores, suggesting that the AVP was sufficiently accurate across participants to avoid affecting usability during the testing session. Beyond these findings, the testing methods reported in this work provide a practical guide for evaluating eye-tracking accuracy in closed MR/AR systems.</p>

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The eye-tracking accuracy of Apple Vision Pro and its impact on perceived usability

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Zehao Huang,
  • Gancheng Zhu,
  • Xiaoting Duan,
  • Yongkai Li,
  • Rong Wang,
  • Shuai Zhang,
  • Zhiguo Wang

摘要

The Apple Vision Pro (AVP) represents a shift in mixed reality (MR) interaction by eliminating controllers in favor of gaze- and gesture-based input. However, limited information is available about the AVP eye-tracking specifications because raw gaze data are inaccessible to developers. This study evaluates the eye-tracking accuracy of the AVP using two testing pipelines across MR and virtual reality (VR) environments. This study also examines the relationship between eye-tracking accuracy and user-perceived usability. The tests revealed an overall eye-tracking accuracy of 0.45°–1.06° across the two pipelines, within a field of view (FOV) of approximately 34° × 18°. The usability and learnability scores of the AVP, measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS), were 76.05 and 69.30, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was observed between eye-tracking accuracy and usability scores, suggesting that the AVP was sufficiently accurate across participants to avoid affecting usability during the testing session. Beyond these findings, the testing methods reported in this work provide a practical guide for evaluating eye-tracking accuracy in closed MR/AR systems.