Scholarlink

<p>Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for assessing upper-limb motor function, yet its validity remains unclear, particularly regarding the influence of human–machine interface (HMI) design and age. This observational cross-sectional study examined whether performance patterns observed in conventional assessments are preserved across VR implementations of the Box and Blocks Test (BBT) and Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and investigated how display modality (head-mounted display vs. 2D monitor), interaction modality (haptic device vs. optical hand tracking), and age affect motor performance. Twenty-six young and twenty-six older adults completed both physical and VR assessments under four interface configurations using a within-subject Williams design. Performance differences, agreement metrics, generalized estimating equations (GEE), and survival analysis were applied. Performance in VR was consistently worse than in physical conditions (all <i>p </i>values &lt; 0.001<i>)</i> with large systematic biases, wide limits of agreement, and near-zero reliability, indicating a lack of quantitative equivalence. GEE analyses revealed that performance depended on the interaction between display and interaction modalities (BBT: <i>p</i> = 0.026; 9HPT: <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), rather than on their isolated effects, and that these interactions were further modulated by age (BBT: <i>p</i> = 0.040; 9HPT: <i>p</i> = 0.010). These findings demonstrate that VR-based dexterity assessment is inherently interface-dependent and should not be interpreted as a direct surrogate of conventional tests. Instead, VR provides a distinct measurement environment capable of capturing multidimensional kinematic and interaction data, whose outcomes depend on both technological configuration and user characteristics.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Interface-dependent motor performance in virtual reality-based dexterity assessment: effects of display, interaction modality, and age

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

查看全文
  • Ana Cisnal,
  • Juan Carlos Fraile,
  • Javier Pérez-Turiel

摘要

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for assessing upper-limb motor function, yet its validity remains unclear, particularly regarding the influence of human–machine interface (HMI) design and age. This observational cross-sectional study examined whether performance patterns observed in conventional assessments are preserved across VR implementations of the Box and Blocks Test (BBT) and Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and investigated how display modality (head-mounted display vs. 2D monitor), interaction modality (haptic device vs. optical hand tracking), and age affect motor performance. Twenty-six young and twenty-six older adults completed both physical and VR assessments under four interface configurations using a within-subject Williams design. Performance differences, agreement metrics, generalized estimating equations (GEE), and survival analysis were applied. Performance in VR was consistently worse than in physical conditions (all p values < 0.001) with large systematic biases, wide limits of agreement, and near-zero reliability, indicating a lack of quantitative equivalence. GEE analyses revealed that performance depended on the interaction between display and interaction modalities (BBT: p = 0.026; 9HPT: p < 0.001), rather than on their isolated effects, and that these interactions were further modulated by age (BBT: p = 0.040; 9HPT: p = 0.010). These findings demonstrate that VR-based dexterity assessment is inherently interface-dependent and should not be interpreted as a direct surrogate of conventional tests. Instead, VR provides a distinct measurement environment capable of capturing multidimensional kinematic and interaction data, whose outcomes depend on both technological configuration and user characteristics.