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<p>Situated visualization (SitV) integrates data representation with close spatial indirection to physical referents. Viewer-referent distance affects the perceived display size for SitV, but there remains a research gap on proxemic-aware design to accommodate changing distances. To address this gap, we distill key design considerations that highlight the importance of situatedness, legibility, readability, and coherence, and conduct a quantitative experiment that reveal how the efficiency of common charts varies with viewing distance. To this end, we propose a responsive design mechanism for SitV that automatically adjusts visualization details based on viewing distances. The mechanism keeps visualizations close to referents to maintain situatedness while employing dynamic data transformation and visual mapping strategies to enhance visualization legibility and coherence. We distill the design space and develop a prototype implementation with data and visualization transformations. Two within-subject studies involving 14 and 12 participants are conducted to verify the usefulness of responsive SitV design in terms of information understanding and user engagement involving single and dual referents. The result shows that our method enables users to understand information more quickly, accurately, and with less cognitive load. Moreover, the design enhances user engagement by drawing user attention through coherent transitions of legible visualizations. Real-world applications demonstrate the usability of the prototype responsive SitV in different scenarios.</p>

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Less is more afar: responsive design for situated visualization based on viewing distance

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Zhiyao Yang,
  • Zhan Wang,
  • Yihan Hou,
  • Qian Zhu,
  • Wei Zeng

摘要

Situated visualization (SitV) integrates data representation with close spatial indirection to physical referents. Viewer-referent distance affects the perceived display size for SitV, but there remains a research gap on proxemic-aware design to accommodate changing distances. To address this gap, we distill key design considerations that highlight the importance of situatedness, legibility, readability, and coherence, and conduct a quantitative experiment that reveal how the efficiency of common charts varies with viewing distance. To this end, we propose a responsive design mechanism for SitV that automatically adjusts visualization details based on viewing distances. The mechanism keeps visualizations close to referents to maintain situatedness while employing dynamic data transformation and visual mapping strategies to enhance visualization legibility and coherence. We distill the design space and develop a prototype implementation with data and visualization transformations. Two within-subject studies involving 14 and 12 participants are conducted to verify the usefulness of responsive SitV design in terms of information understanding and user engagement involving single and dual referents. The result shows that our method enables users to understand information more quickly, accurately, and with less cognitive load. Moreover, the design enhances user engagement by drawing user attention through coherent transitions of legible visualizations. Real-world applications demonstrate the usability of the prototype responsive SitV in different scenarios.